INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (245, 1, '2011-09-18 17:20:10', '2011-09-18 17:20:10', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes³.\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a> - Wikipedia\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-12', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:20:10', '2011-09-18 17:20:10', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-12/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (247, 1, '2011-09-18 17:20:52', '2011-09-18 17:20:52', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes³.\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a> - Wikipedia\r\n2. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-14', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:20:52', '2011-09-18 17:20:52', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-14/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (256, 2, '2011-10-03 06:00:34', '2011-10-03 06:00:34', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (<a title="Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution" href="http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365" target="_blank">Osun Defender Newspaper</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">biomass</a>, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis, fossil fuels, and alternative energy sources and were used in the creation of this article:\r\n\r\n1. Engr. D.J. Obadote - Energy Crisis In Nigeria: Technical Issues And Solutions\r\n2. Osun Defender - <a title="Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution" href="http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365" target="_blank">Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">Biomass</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy </a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy </a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'energy-crisis-in-nigeria', '', 'http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365\nhttp://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/\nhttp://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/\nhttp://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/\nhttp://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/\nhttp://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/', '2011-10-03 10:29:26', '2011-10-03 10:29:26', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=256', 0, 'post', '', 2);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (250, 2, '2011-09-26 06:00:54', '2011-09-26 06:00:54', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-251" title="Nitric Oxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png" alt="Nitric Oxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NO. This diatomic molecule is a free radical. This gas is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. Nitric oxide is an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants.  In mammals including humans, NO is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. Chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.\r\n\r\nNitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant. However, nitric oxide is rapidly oxidized in air to nitrogen dioxide (source Wikipedia).\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\r\nIn 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made much larger than the glass containers which had been used previously. This allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production and with several refinements, this process remained the standard method of production for almost two centuries. So robust was the process that as late as 1946, the chamber process accounted for 25% of sulfuric acid manufactured. Sulfur dioxide is introduced along with steam and oxides of nitrogen into large chambers lined with sheet lead where the gases are sprayed down with water and chamber acid. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve and over a period of a approximately 30 minutes, the sulfur dioxide oxidized to sulfuric acid. The presence of nitrogen dioxide is necessary for the reaction to proceed. The process is highly exothermic, and a major consideration of the design of the chambers was to provide a way to dissipate the heat formed in the reactions. Early plants used very large wooden rectangular chambers (Faulding box chambers) that were cooled by ambient air. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, such plants required about half a cubic meter of volume to process the sulfur dioxide equivalent of a kilogram of burned sulfur. In the mid 19th century, French chemist Gay-Lussac redesigned the chambers as stoneware packed masonry cylinders. In the 20th century, plants using externally cooled Mills-Packard chambers supplanted the earlier designs.\r\n\r\nSulfur dioxide for the process can be provided by burning elemental sulfur or by the  roasting of sulfur containing metal ores in a stream of air in a furnace. During the early period of manufacture, nitrogen oxides were produced by the decomposition of niter at high temperature in the presence of acid, but this process was gradually supplanted by the air oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The recovery and reuse of oxides of nitrogen was an important economic consideration in the operation of a chamber process plant.\r\nIn the reaction chambers, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide. Liquor from the bottom of the chambers is diluted and pumped to the top of the chamber and sprayed downwards in a fine mist. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are absorbed in the liquid and react to form sulfuric acid and nitric oxide. The liberated nitric oxide is sparingly soluble in water and returns to the gas in the chamber where it reacts with oxygen in the air to reform nitrogen dioxide. Some percentage of the nitrogen oxides are sequestered in the reaction liquor as nitrosylsulfuric acid and as nitric acid, so fresh nitric oxide must be added as the process proceeds. Later versions of chamber plants included a high temperature Glover tower to recover the nitrogen oxides from the chamber liquor, while concentrating the chamber acid to as much as 78% H2SO4. Exhaust gases from the chambers are scrubbed by passing into a tower through which some of the Glover acid flows over broken tile. Nitrogen oxides are absorbed to form nitrosylsulfuric acid which is then returned to the Glover tower to reclaim the oxides of nitrogen. Sulfuric acid produced in the reaction chambers is limited to about 35% concentration. At higher concentrations, nitrosylsulfuric acid precipitates on the lead walls as chamber crystals and is no longer able to catalyze the oxidation reactions (source Wikipedia).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Environmental Problems</strong>\r\nThe following environmental problems may arise from Nitrogen Oxide pollution:\r\n\r\n1. Contributes to global warming\r\n2. Hampers the growth of plants\r\n3. May form with other pollutants to form toxic chemicals\r\n4. Helps form acid rain\r\n\r\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Effect On Humans</strong>\r\nNitrogen Oxide may have the following effects on humans:\r\n\r\n1. Nitrogen Oxide, plus other ground-level ozone, can cause major respiratory problems in high levels\r\n2. Breathing in high levels of Nitrogen Oxide can lead to: rapid burning spasms; swelling of throat; reduced oxygen intake; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs and/or death\r\n3. Visual impairment in the areas affected by Nitrogen Oxide\r\n4. Small levels of Nitrogen Oxide can cause nausea, irritated eyes and/or nose, fluid forming in lungs and shortness of breath\r\n5. Can react with aerosols from aerosol cans and can also cause respiratory problems\r\n\r\n<strong>Steps To Minimize Risk Of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution</strong>\r\nThe following steps may be taken to minimize the risk of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution:\r\n\r\n1. Not smoking cigarettes\r\n2. Reduce exposure to silos that contain silage\r\n3. Not living in a large rural area, or near an industrial part of town\r\n4. Avoid high industrialized areas\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, the best way of being free from the hazard produced by carbon monoxide, the world must seek alternative energy sources.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on Nitric Oxide:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Nitric Oxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide" target="_blank">Nitric Oxide</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Nitric Oxide', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'nitric-oxide', '', '', '2011-09-24 15:20:47', '2011-09-24 15:20:47', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=250', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (251, 1, '2011-09-24 15:14:18', '2011-09-24 15:14:18', '', 'Nitric Oxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'nitric-oxide', '', '', '2011-09-24 15:14:18', '2011-09-24 15:14:18', '', 250, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (252, 1, '2011-09-24 15:12:58', '2011-09-24 15:12:58', 'Nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NO. This diatomic molecule is a free radical. This gas is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. Nitric oxide is an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants.  In mammals including humans, NO is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. Chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.\n\nNitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant. However, nitric oxide is rapidly oxidized in air to nitrogen dioxide (source Wikipedia).\n\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\nIn 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made much larger than the glass containers which had been used previously. This allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production and with several refinements, this process remained the standard method of production for almost two centuries. So robust was the process that as late as 1946, the chamber process accounted for 25% of sulfuric acid manufactured. Sulfur dioxide is introduced along with steam and oxides of nitrogen into large chambers lined with sheet lead where the gases are sprayed down with water and chamber acid. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve and over a period of a approximately 30 minutes, the sulfur dioxide oxidized to sulfuric acid. The presence of nitrogen dioxide is necessary for the reaction to proceed. The process is highly exothermic, and a major consideration of the design of the chambers was to provide a way to dissipate the heat formed in the reactions. Early plants used very large wooden rectangular chambers (Faulding box chambers) that were cooled by ambient air. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, such plants required about half a cubic meter of volume to process the sulfur dioxide equivalent of a kilogram of burned sulfur. In the mid 19th century, French chemist Gay-Lussac redesigned the chambers as stoneware packed masonry cylinders. In the 20th century, plants using externally cooled Mills-Packard chambers supplanted the earlier designs.\n\nSulfur dioxide for the process can be provided by burning elemental sulfur or by the  roasting of sulfur containing metal ores in a stream of air in a furnace. During the early period of manufacture, nitrogen oxides were produced by the decomposition of niter at high temperature in the presence of acid, but this process was gradually supplanted by the air oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The recovery and reuse of oxides of nitrogen was an important economic consideration in the operation of a chamber process plant.\nIn the reaction chambers, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide. Liquor from the bottom of the chambers is diluted and pumped to the top of the chamber and sprayed downwards in a fine mist. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are absorbed in the liquid and react to form sulfuric acid and nitric oxide. The liberated nitric oxide is sparingly soluble in water and returns to the gas in the chamber where it reacts with oxygen in the air to reform nitrogen dioxide. Some percentage of the nitrogen oxides are sequestered in the reaction liquor as nitrosylsulfuric acid and as nitric acid, so fresh nitric oxide must be added as the process proceeds. Later versions of chamber plants included a high temperature Glover tower to recover the nitrogen oxides from the chamber liquor, while concentrating the chamber acid to as much as 78% H2SO4. Exhaust gases from the chambers are scrubbed by passing into a tower through which some of the Glover acid flows over broken tile. Nitrogen oxides are absorbed to form nitrosylsulfuric acid which is then returned to the Glover tower to reclaim the oxides of nitrogen. Sulfuric acid produced in the reaction chambers is limited to about 35% concentration. At higher concentrations, nitrosylsulfuric acid precipitates on the lead walls as chamber crystals and is no longer able to catalyze the oxidation reactions (source Wikipedia).\n\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Environmental Problems</strong>\nThe following environmental problems may arise from Nitrogen Oxide pollution:\n\n1. Contributes to global warming\n2. Hampers the growth of plants\n3. May form with other pollutants to form toxic chemicals\n4. Helps form acid rain\n\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Effect On Humans</strong>\nNitrogen Oxide may have the following effects on humans:\n\n1. Nitrogen Oxide, plus other ground-level ozone, can cause major respiratory problems in high levels\n2. Breathing in high levels of Nitrogen Oxide can lead to: rapid burning spasms; swelling of throat; reduced oxygen intake; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs and/or death\n3. Visual impairment in the areas affected by Nitrogen Oxide\n4. Small levels of Nitrogen Oxide can cause nausea, irritated eyes and/or nose, fluid forming in lungs and shortness of breath\n5. Can react with aerosols from aerosol cans and can also cause respiratory problems\n\n<strong>Steps To Minimize Risk Of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution</strong>\nThe following steps may be taken to minimize the risk of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution:\n\n1. Not smoking cigarettes\n2. Reduce exposure to silos that contain silage\n3. Not living in large rural area, or near an industrial part of town\n4. Avoid high industrialized areas\n\nIn conclusion, the best way of being free from the hazard produced by carbon monoxide, the world must seek alternative energy sources.\n\n<strong>Resources</strong>\nThe following are resources for more information on Nitric Oxide:\n\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Nitric Oxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide" target="_blank">Nitric Oxide</a>\n2. Perpetual Minds - The Greenhouse Effect\n\nImage Credit: <a title="Wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Nitric Oxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '250-revision', '', '', '2011-09-24 15:12:58', '2011-09-24 15:12:58', '', 250, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/24/250-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (253, 1, '2011-09-24 15:14:57', '2011-09-24 15:14:57', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-251" title="Nitric Oxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png" alt="Nitric Oxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NO. This diatomic molecule is a free radical. This gas is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. Nitric oxide is an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants.  In mammals including humans, NO is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. Chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.\n\nNitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant. However, nitric oxide is rapidly oxidized in air to nitrogen dioxide (source Wikipedia).\n\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\nIn 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made much larger than the glass containers which had been used previously. This allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production and with several refinements, this process remained the standard method of production for almost two centuries. So robust was the process that as late as 1946, the chamber process accounted for 25% of sulfuric acid manufactured. Sulfur dioxide is introduced along with steam and oxides of nitrogen into large chambers lined with sheet lead where the gases are sprayed down with water and chamber acid. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve and over a period of a approximately 30 minutes, the sulfur dioxide oxidized to sulfuric acid. The presence of nitrogen dioxide is necessary for the reaction to proceed. The process is highly exothermic, and a major consideration of the design of the chambers was to provide a way to dissipate the heat formed in the reactions. Early plants used very large wooden rectangular chambers (Faulding box chambers) that were cooled by ambient air. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, such plants required about half a cubic meter of volume to process the sulfur dioxide equivalent of a kilogram of burned sulfur. In the mid 19th century, French chemist Gay-Lussac redesigned the chambers as stoneware packed masonry cylinders. In the 20th century, plants using externally cooled Mills-Packard chambers supplanted the earlier designs.\n\nSulfur dioxide for the process can be provided by burning elemental sulfur or by the  roasting of sulfur containing metal ores in a stream of air in a furnace. During the early period of manufacture, nitrogen oxides were produced by the decomposition of niter at high temperature in the presence of acid, but this process was gradually supplanted by the air oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The recovery and reuse of oxides of nitrogen was an important economic consideration in the operation of a chamber process plant.\nIn the reaction chambers, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide. Liquor from the bottom of the chambers is diluted and pumped to the top of the chamber and sprayed downwards in a fine mist. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are absorbed in the liquid and react to form sulfuric acid and nitric oxide. The liberated nitric oxide is sparingly soluble in water and returns to the gas in the chamber where it reacts with oxygen in the air to reform nitrogen dioxide. Some percentage of the nitrogen oxides are sequestered in the reaction liquor as nitrosylsulfuric acid and as nitric acid, so fresh nitric oxide must be added as the process proceeds. Later versions of chamber plants included a high temperature Glover tower to recover the nitrogen oxides from the chamber liquor, while concentrating the chamber acid to as much as 78% H2SO4. Exhaust gases from the chambers are scrubbed by passing into a tower through which some of the Glover acid flows over broken tile. Nitrogen oxides are absorbed to form nitrosylsulfuric acid which is then returned to the Glover tower to reclaim the oxides of nitrogen. Sulfuric acid produced in the reaction chambers is limited to about 35% concentration. At higher concentrations, nitrosylsulfuric acid precipitates on the lead walls as chamber crystals and is no longer able to catalyze the oxidation reactions (source Wikipedia).\n\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Environmental Problems</strong>\nThe following environmental problems may arise from Nitrogen Oxide pollution:\n\n1. Contributes to global warming\n2. Hampers the growth of plants\n3. May form with other pollutants to form toxic chemicals\n4. Helps form acid rain\n\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Effect On Humans</strong>\nNitrogen Oxide may have the following effects on humans:\n\n1. Nitrogen Oxide, plus other ground-level ozone, can cause major respiratory problems in high levels\n2. Breathing in high levels of Nitrogen Oxide can lead to: rapid burning spasms; swelling of throat; reduced oxygen intake; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs and/or death\n3. Visual impairment in the areas affected by Nitrogen Oxide\n4. Small levels of Nitrogen Oxide can cause nausea, irritated eyes and/or nose, fluid forming in lungs and shortness of breath\n5. Can react with aerosols from aerosol cans and can also cause respiratory problems\n\n<strong>Steps To Minimize Risk Of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution</strong>\nThe following steps may be taken to minimize the risk of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution:\n\n1. Not smoking cigarettes\n2. Reduce exposure to silos that contain silage\n3. Not living in large rural area, or near an industrial part of town\n4. Avoid high industrialized areas\n\nIn conclusion, the best way of being free from the hazard produced by carbon monoxide, the world must seek alternative energy sources.\n\n<strong>Resources</strong>\nThe following are resources for more information on Nitric Oxide:\n\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Nitric Oxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide" target="_blank">Nitric Oxide</a>\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/" target="_blank">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\n\nImage Credit: <a title="Wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Nitric Oxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '250-revision-2', '', '', '2011-09-24 15:14:57', '2011-09-24 15:14:57', '', 250, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/24/250-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (255, 1, '2011-09-24 15:20:05', '2011-09-24 15:20:05', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-251" title="Nitric Oxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png" alt="Nitric Oxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NO. This diatomic molecule is a free radical. This gas is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. Nitric oxide is an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants.  In mammals including humans, NO is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. Chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.\r\n\r\nNitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant. However, nitric oxide is rapidly oxidized in air to nitrogen dioxide (source Wikipedia).\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\r\nIn 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made much larger than the glass containers which had been used previously. This allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production and with several refinements, this process remained the standard method of production for almost two centuries. So robust was the process that as late as 1946, the chamber process accounted for 25% of sulfuric acid manufactured. Sulfur dioxide is introduced along with steam and oxides of nitrogen into large chambers lined with sheet lead where the gases are sprayed down with water and chamber acid. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve and over a period of a approximately 30 minutes, the sulfur dioxide oxidized to sulfuric acid. The presence of nitrogen dioxide is necessary for the reaction to proceed. The process is highly exothermic, and a major consideration of the design of the chambers was to provide a way to dissipate the heat formed in the reactions. Early plants used very large wooden rectangular chambers (Faulding box chambers) that were cooled by ambient air. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, such plants required about half a cubic meter of volume to process the sulfur dioxide equivalent of a kilogram of burned sulfur. In the mid 19th century, French chemist Gay-Lussac redesigned the chambers as stoneware packed masonry cylinders. In the 20th century, plants using externally cooled Mills-Packard chambers supplanted the earlier designs.\r\n\r\nSulfur dioxide for the process can be provided by burning elemental sulfur or by the  roasting of sulfur containing metal ores in a stream of air in a furnace. During the early period of manufacture, nitrogen oxides were produced by the decomposition of niter at high temperature in the presence of acid, but this process was gradually supplanted by the air oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The recovery and reuse of oxides of nitrogen was an important economic consideration in the operation of a chamber process plant.\r\nIn the reaction chambers, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide. Liquor from the bottom of the chambers is diluted and pumped to the top of the chamber and sprayed downwards in a fine mist. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are absorbed in the liquid and react to form sulfuric acid and nitric oxide. The liberated nitric oxide is sparingly soluble in water and returns to the gas in the chamber where it reacts with oxygen in the air to reform nitrogen dioxide. Some percentage of the nitrogen oxides are sequestered in the reaction liquor as nitrosylsulfuric acid and as nitric acid, so fresh nitric oxide must be added as the process proceeds. Later versions of chamber plants included a high temperature Glover tower to recover the nitrogen oxides from the chamber liquor, while concentrating the chamber acid to as much as 78% H2SO4. Exhaust gases from the chambers are scrubbed by passing into a tower through which some of the Glover acid flows over broken tile. Nitrogen oxides are absorbed to form nitrosylsulfuric acid which is then returned to the Glover tower to reclaim the oxides of nitrogen. Sulfuric acid produced in the reaction chambers is limited to about 35% concentration. At higher concentrations, nitrosylsulfuric acid precipitates on the lead walls as chamber crystals and is no longer able to catalyze the oxidation reactions (source Wikipedia).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Environmental Problems</strong>\r\nThe following environmental problems may arise from Nitrogen Oxide pollution:\r\n\r\n1. Contributes to global warming\r\n2. Hampers the growth of plants\r\n3. May form with other pollutants to form toxic chemicals\r\n4. Helps form acid rain\r\n\r\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Effect On Humans</strong>\r\nNitrogen Oxide may have the following effects on humans:\r\n\r\n1. Nitrogen Oxide, plus other ground-level ozone, can cause major respiratory problems in high levels\r\n2. Breathing in high levels of Nitrogen Oxide can lead to: rapid burning spasms; swelling of throat; reduced oxygen intake; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs and/or death\r\n3. Visual impairment in the areas affected by Nitrogen Oxide\r\n4. Small levels of Nitrogen Oxide can cause nausea, irritated eyes and/or nose, fluid forming in lungs and shortness of breath\r\n5. Can react with aerosols from aerosol cans and can also cause respiratory problems\r\n\r\n<strong>Steps To Minimize Risk Of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution</strong>\r\nThe following steps may be taken to minimize the risk of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution:\r\n\r\n1. Not smoking cigarettes\r\n2. Reduce exposure to silos that contain silage\r\n3. Not living in a large rural area, or near an industrial part of town\r\n4. Avoid high industrialized areas\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, the best way of being free from the hazard produced by carbon monoxide, the world must seek alternative energy sources.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on Nitric Oxide:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Nitric Oxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide" target="_blank">Nitric Oxide</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Nitric Oxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '250-revision-4', '', '', '2011-09-24 15:20:05', '2011-09-24 15:20:05', '', 250, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/24/250-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (254, 1, '2011-09-24 15:19:04', '2011-09-24 15:19:04', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-251" title="Nitric Oxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Nitric-Oxide.png" alt="Nitric Oxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NO. This diatomic molecule is a free radical. This gas is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. Nitric oxide is an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants.  In mammals including humans, NO is an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. Chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.\r\n\r\nNitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant. However, nitric oxide is rapidly oxidized in air to nitrogen dioxide (source Wikipedia).\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\r\nIn 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made much larger than the glass containers which had been used previously. This allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production and with several refinements, this process remained the standard method of production for almost two centuries. So robust was the process that as late as 1946, the chamber process accounted for 25% of sulfuric acid manufactured. Sulfur dioxide is introduced along with steam and oxides of nitrogen into large chambers lined with sheet lead where the gases are sprayed down with water and chamber acid. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve and over a period of a approximately 30 minutes, the sulfur dioxide oxidized to sulfuric acid. The presence of nitrogen dioxide is necessary for the reaction to proceed. The process is highly exothermic, and a major consideration of the design of the chambers was to provide a way to dissipate the heat formed in the reactions. Early plants used very large wooden rectangular chambers (Faulding box chambers) that were cooled by ambient air. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, such plants required about half a cubic meter of volume to process the sulfur dioxide equivalent of a kilogram of burned sulfur. In the mid 19th century, French chemist Gay-Lussac redesigned the chambers as stoneware packed masonry cylinders. In the 20th century, plants using externally cooled Mills-Packard chambers supplanted the earlier designs.\r\n\r\nSulfur dioxide for the process can be provided by burning elemental sulfur or by the  roasting of sulfur containing metal ores in a stream of air in a furnace. During the early period of manufacture, nitrogen oxides were produced by the decomposition of niter at high temperature in the presence of acid, but this process was gradually supplanted by the air oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst. The recovery and reuse of oxides of nitrogen was an important economic consideration in the operation of a chamber process plant.\r\nIn the reaction chambers, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide. Liquor from the bottom of the chambers is diluted and pumped to the top of the chamber and sprayed downwards in a fine mist. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are absorbed in the liquid and react to form sulfuric acid and nitric oxide. The liberated nitric oxide is sparingly soluble in water and returns to the gas in the chamber where it reacts with oxygen in the air to reform nitrogen dioxide. Some percentage of the nitrogen oxides are sequestered in the reaction liquor as nitrosylsulfuric acid and as nitric acid, so fresh nitric oxide must be added as the process proceeds. Later versions of chamber plants included a high temperature Glover tower to recover the nitrogen oxides from the chamber liquor, while concentrating the chamber acid to as much as 78% H2SO4. Exhaust gases from the chambers are scrubbed by passing into a tower through which some of the Glover acid flows over broken tile. Nitrogen oxides are absorbed to form nitrosylsulfuric acid which is then returned to the Glover tower to reclaim the oxides of nitrogen. Sulfuric acid produced in the reaction chambers is limited to about 35% concentration. At higher concentrations, nitrosylsulfuric acid precipitates on the lead walls as chamber crystals and is no longer able to catalyze the oxidation reactions (source Wikipedia).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Environmental Problems</strong>\r\nThe following environmental problems may arise from Nitrogen Oxide pollution:\r\n\r\n1. Contributes to global warming\r\n2. Hampers the growth of plants\r\n3. May form with other pollutants to form toxic chemicals\r\n4. Helps form acid rain\r\n\r\n<strong>Nitrogen Oxide Effect On Humans</strong>\r\nNitrogen Oxide may have the following effects on humans:\r\n\r\n1. Nitrogen Oxide, plus other ground-level ozone, can cause major respiratory problems in high levels\r\n2. Breathing in high levels of Nitrogen Oxide can lead to: rapid burning spasms; swelling of throat; reduced oxygen intake; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs and/or death\r\n3. Visual impairment in the areas affected by Nitrogen Oxide\r\n4. Small levels of Nitrogen Oxide can cause nausea, irritated eyes and/or nose, fluid forming in lungs and shortness of breath\r\n5. Can react with aerosols from aerosol cans and can also cause respiratory problems\r\n\r\n<strong>Steps To Minimize Risk Of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution</strong>\r\nThe following steps may be taken to minimize the risk of Nitrogen Oxide Pollution:\r\n\r\n1. Not smoking cigarettes\r\n2. Reduce exposure to silos that contain silage\r\n3. Not living in a large rural area, or near an industrial part of town\r\n4. Avoid high industrialized areas\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, the best way of being free from the hazard produced by carbon monoxide, the world must seek alternative energy sources.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on Nitric Oxide:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Nitric Oxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide" target="_blank">Nitric Oxide</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/" target="_blank">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Nitric Oxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '250-revision-3', '', '', '2011-09-24 15:19:04', '2011-09-24 15:19:04', '', 250, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/24/250-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (257, 1, '2011-10-02 16:46:36', '2011-10-02 16:46:36', 'For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\n\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\n\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\n\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: coal, gas, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct solar energy and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of hydroelectric power, wind power, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, biomass, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\n\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\n\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\n\n<strong>Resources</strong>\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\n\n1. Wikipedia\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision', '', '', '2011-10-02 16:46:36', '2011-10-02 16:46:36', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (258, 1, '2011-10-02 16:55:25', '2011-10-02 16:55:25', '', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'energy-crisis-in-nigera', '', '', '2011-10-02 16:55:25', '2011-10-02 16:55:25', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (259, 1, '2011-10-02 16:47:25', '2011-10-02 16:47:25', 'For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: coal, gas, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct solar energy and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of hydroelectric power, wind power, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, biomass, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia\r\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-2', '', '', '2011-10-02 16:47:25', '2011-10-02 16:47:25', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (260, 1, '2011-10-02 16:55:54', '2011-10-02 16:55:54', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: coal, gas, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct solar energy and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of hydroelectric power, wind power, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, biomass, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia\r\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-3', '', '', '2011-10-02 16:55:54', '2011-10-02 16:55:54', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (261, 1, '2011-10-02 17:02:36', '2011-10-02 17:02:36', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct solar energy and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of hydroelectric power, wind power, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, biomass, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia\r\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-4', '', '', '2011-10-02 17:02:36', '2011-10-02 17:02:36', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (262, 1, '2011-10-02 17:07:26', '2011-10-02 17:07:26', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct solar energy and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of hydroelectric power, wind power, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, biomass, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia\r\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-5', '', '', '2011-10-02 17:07:26', '2011-10-02 17:07:26', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (263, 1, '2011-10-02 17:09:57', '2011-10-02 17:09:57', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of hydroelectric power, wind power, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, biomass, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia\r\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-6', '', '', '2011-10-02 17:09:57', '2011-10-02 17:09:57', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (264, 1, '2011-10-02 17:11:24', '2011-10-02 17:11:24', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">biomass</a>, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia\r\n2. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n3. The Greenhouse Effect - Perpetual Minds\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-7', '', '', '2011-10-02 17:11:24', '2011-10-02 17:11:24', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (265, 1, '2011-10-02 17:21:22', '2011-10-02 17:21:22', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">biomass</a>, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis, fossil fuels, and alternative energy sources and were used in the creation of this article:\r\n\r\n1. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">Biomass</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy </a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy </a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-8', '', '', '2011-10-02 17:21:22', '2011-10-02 17:21:22', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (266, 1, '2011-10-03 10:28:46', '2011-10-03 10:28:46', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (<a title="Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution" href="http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365" target="_blank">Osun Defender Newspaper</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">biomass</a>, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis, fossil fuels, and alternative energy sources and were used in the creation of this article:\r\n\r\n1. Engr. D.J. Obadote - Energy Crisis In Nigeria: Technical Issues And Solutions\r\n1. Osun Defender - <a title="Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution" href="http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365" target="_blank">Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">Biomass</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy </a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy </a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-autosave', '', '', '2011-10-03 10:28:46', '2011-10-03 10:28:46', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-autosave/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (267, 1, '2011-10-02 17:22:23', '2011-10-02 17:22:23', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (Osun Defender Newspaper).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">biomass</a>, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis, fossil fuels, and alternative energy sources and were used in the creation of this article:\r\n\r\n1. Osun Defender Newspaper\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">Biomass</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy </a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy </a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-9', '', '', '2011-10-02 17:22:23', '2011-10-02 17:22:23', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-9/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (268, 1, '2011-10-02 20:43:01', '2011-10-02 20:43:01', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Crisis-In-Nigera.png" alt="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" width="300" height="236" /></a>For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi-faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and sociopolitical, none of which are mutually exclusive. Nigeria''s power sector has high energy losses from generation to billing, a low collection rate and low access to electricity by the population. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40% of the country’s total population have access to electricity. This article takes a look at technical issues as well as challenges confronting the power sector and suggests solutions to the country’s energy crisis (Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nIn a recent interview, Nigeria’s President announced that total electric generating capacity in the country was effectively below 3,000 Megawatts. If you divide this by the population you will find that there is only about 20 Watts per person. Increasing generating capacity to 5,000 Megawatts will raise this to a little over 35 Watts per person. The household bulbs we use are rated 25 Watts, 40 Watts, 60 Watts, or even 100 Watts. The 2-ft fluorescent lights consume around 20 Watts powers. Thus, if all the electricity generated is used exclusively in homes (with nothing for industries, businesses and commercial centers), there is just enough to light one bulb for every Nigerian.\r\n\r\nTypically 50% of grid electricity is consumed in homes, while the commercial and industrial sectors account for about 25% each. Nigeria still has a long way to go to generate at the 5,000 Megawatts level. The Kainji Dam can only provide 960 Megawatts (less than 1 Gigawatt). Not all the turbine units are in operation because the water level in the reservoir is often low for a multitude of reasons including drought. The power from the dam is only about 500 Megawatts to 600 Megawatts most of the time (<a title="Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution" href="http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365" target="_blank">Osun Defender Newspaper</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigerian Power Failure Causes</strong>\r\nOne of the major causes of power failure in Nigeria is that conventional power generation uses fossil fuels (which a layman would call: <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, and oil). These are non-renewable energy sources, and are being used up very rapidly. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form, and with heightened global demand they may be exhausted much sooner than later. The future of electrical power generation from fossil fuel combustion is threatened by escalating fuel prices and by adverse environmental consequences of large scale combustion of carbon-rich fuels. Combustion of these fuels unleashes intolerable amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment contributing to turning the Earth’s atmosphere to a greenhouse with the harmful effect of producing global warming. In this regard, coal-fired plants, while offering electricity on the cheap is the worst culprit, and power utilities that propose these plants are increasingly incurring enormous (capital) costs in assuring adequate emissions control and carbon dioxide sequestration to minimize the pollution they unleash on the environment.\r\n\r\nNatural gas (mostly methane) also adds significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the environment. Meeting these challenges adds significant costs to electricity production from the use of the non-renewable primary energy resources. In other words, there is every indication that electricity production from the mix of conventional fossil fuels will occur in the future at increasing cost to consumers than the current levels. Nigeria is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy both as direct <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar energy</a> and indirect solar energy. Indirect solar energy includes water power in the form of <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, bio-fuels derived from corn and other plants, <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">biomass</a>, and biogas from garbage and other biological wastes. Solar energy can be exploited directly in thermal applications (crop drying, water heating, distillation, solar cooking, refrigeration and air conditioning, thermal power generation) and in solar electricity production using photovoltaic converters.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nigeria Energy Crisis Effects</strong>\r\nAdmittedly, the shocks from the electricity crisis in Nigeria have created some wedges in the national wheel of effective management of industrial and the other socio-economic development programs in Nigeria. Imagine a population of 150 million people depending on less than 3000 MW of electricity.\r\n\r\nNigeria’s economy has been described as a “Fossil Generator Economy” and small and medium scale businesses incur extremely high overhead cost maintaining their expensive economically, environmentally, and health wise - fossil fuel powered generators.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis, fossil fuels, and alternative energy sources and were used in the creation of this article:\r\n\r\n1. Osun Defender - <a title="Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution" href="http://www.osundefender.org/?p=5365" target="_blank">Nigeria''s Epileptic Electricity, Don Advances Permanent Solution</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Biomass" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/biomass/">Biomass</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy </a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy </a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">The Greenhouse Effect</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Best Buy Flags" href="http://www.best-buy-flags.co.uk/Nigeria-Hand-Waving-Flag-12-x-18-inch-buy-flags-4050,bestbuyflags.html" target="_blank"> Best Buy Flags</a>', 'Energy Crisis In Nigeria', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '256-revision-10', '', '', '2011-10-02 20:43:01', '2011-10-02 20:43:01', '', 256, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/02/256-revision-10/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (278, 2, '2011-10-17 06:00:50', '2011-10-17 06:00:50', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and abundant solid mineral deposits, including <a title="Coal Mining" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/05/coal-mining/">coal</a>, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the Federal Office Of Statistics (FOS) indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (<a title="Nigerian Muse" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Nigerian Muse</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Late President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda</strong>\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Energy:</strong> We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n<strong>2. Security:</strong> Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n<strong>3. Wealth Creation:</strong> 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n<strong>4. Education:</strong> Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n<strong>5. Land Reform:</strong> To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n<strong>6. Mass Transit:</strong> To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n<strong>7. Niger Delta:</strong> To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Nigerian Muse - <a title="Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'the-nigerian%e2%80%99s-dream', '', '\nhttp://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/', '2011-10-16 19:47:42', '2011-10-16 19:47:42', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=278', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (270, 2, '2011-10-10 06:00:17', '2011-10-10 06:00:17', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-271" title="Vision 2020" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png" alt="Vision 2020" width="300" height="233" /></a>Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\r\n\r\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\r\n\r\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\r\n\r\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\r\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\r\n\r\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\r\n\r\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\r\n\r\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution networks in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\r\n\r\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and Vision 2020:\r\n\r\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Wikipedia - <a title="Nigeria Vision 2020" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Vision_2020" target="_blank">Nigeria Vision 2020</a>', 'Vision 2020', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'vision-2020', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:39:54', '2011-10-09 17:39:54', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=270', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (271, 1, '2011-10-09 17:33:18', '2011-10-09 17:33:18', '', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'vision-2020', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:33:18', '2011-10-09 17:33:18', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (272, 1, '2011-10-09 17:30:24', '2011-10-09 17:30:24', 'Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\n\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\n\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\n\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\n\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\n\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\n\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution network in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\n\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\n\n<strong>Resources</strong>\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\n\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\n3. Wikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '270-revision', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:30:24', '2011-10-09 17:30:24', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/09/270-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (273, 1, '2011-10-09 17:33:39', '2011-10-09 17:33:39', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-271" title="Vision 2020" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png" alt="Vision 2020" width="300" height="233" /></a>Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\r\n\r\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\r\n\r\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\r\n\r\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\r\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\r\n\r\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\r\n\r\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\r\n\r\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution network in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\r\n\r\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Wikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '270-revision-2', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:33:39', '2011-10-09 17:33:39', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/09/270-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (274, 1, '2011-10-09 17:36:39', '2011-10-09 17:36:39', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-271" title="Vision 2020" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png" alt="Vision 2020" width="300" height="233" /></a>Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\r\n\r\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\r\n\r\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\r\n\r\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\r\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\r\n\r\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\r\n\r\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\r\n\r\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution networks in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\r\n\r\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Wikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '270-revision-3', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:36:39', '2011-10-09 17:36:39', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/09/270-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (275, 1, '2011-10-09 17:38:03', '2011-10-09 17:38:03', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-271" title="Vision 2020" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png" alt="Vision 2020" width="300" height="233" /></a>Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\r\n\r\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\r\n\r\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\r\n\r\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\r\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\r\n\r\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\r\n\r\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\r\n\r\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution networks in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\r\n\r\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and Vision 2020:\r\n\r\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Wikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '270-revision-4', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:38:03', '2011-10-09 17:38:03', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/09/270-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (276, 1, '2011-10-09 17:38:49', '2011-10-09 17:38:49', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-271" title="Vision 2020" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png" alt="Vision 2020" width="300" height="233" /></a>Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\r\n\r\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\r\n\r\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\r\n\r\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\r\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\r\n\r\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\r\n\r\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\r\n\r\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution networks in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\r\n\r\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and Vision 2020:\r\n\r\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Wikipedia - <a title="Nigeria Vision 2020" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Vision_2020" target="_blank">Nigeria Vision 2020</a>', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '270-revision-5', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:38:49', '2011-10-09 17:38:49', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/09/270-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (277, 1, '2011-10-09 17:39:44', '2011-10-09 17:39:44', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-271" title="Vision 2020" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vision-2020.png" alt="Vision 2020" width="300" height="233" /></a>Several economic reforms and strategic plans have been put in place in Nigeria to diversify the revenue sources of the economy towards achieving the nation’s Vision 2020. Many of these reforms and plans have lasted without substantial assurance of the country’s targets.\r\n\r\nNigeria is the single largest entity in West Africa and the most populous black nation in the world. It covers a land area of about 923,768 square kilometers and, according to the 2006 National headcount, has a population of about 140 million people. By the time the country got her political independence in 1960, agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, accounting for about 70 percent of GDP and about 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Manufacturing, which contributed 3.9 percent in 1960/61, reached a peak of about 10 percent in 1981 and, since then, it has declined progressively to lowest level of 2.57 percent in 2006. Crude petroleum became dominant in the Nigerian economy, starting from 1970s and presently accounts for about 40 percent of GDP, over 95 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and over 70 percent of Federal Government revenue source, as well as over 90 percent of all new investments.\r\n\r\nPresently, the Nigerian economy, with about $170 billion GDP, requires yearly growth rate of 13 percent to reach $900 billion, which is the goal of Vision 2020. In addition the economy is still mono-cultural, moving from over dependence on agriculture to over dependence on crude petroleum, hence realizing the goals of the vision  requires not just increasing the size of the economy, but also diversifying its revenue sources. These constitute very serious challenges for Vision 2020 more so as there have been several such consolidation reforms in place with minimal outcomes. Better goal-oriented reforms, solid innovative behaviors, and institutional perception of the people have each been recommended by The Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 12, No.4, 2010).\r\n\r\n<strong>Vision 2020 And The National Electricity</strong>\r\nThe energy sector is very strategic to the development of the Nigerian economy. In addition to its macroeconomic importance, the energy sector has major roles to play in reducing poverty, improving productivity and enhancing the general quality of lives of the people. The sector is greatly linked to the other sectors of the economy, contributes to a stable growth of the economy and the realization of social and political objectives.\r\n\r\nNigeria is blessed with a rich variety of conventional and renewable energy sources. The focus of the energy thematic group is the optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources for sustainable development and the expansion of the energy supply system to meet future energy demand.\r\n\r\nDespite the large reserves of energy resources available in the country, the levels of energy consumption have been very low relative to other countries with comparable energy resources and population figures. This low energy consumption is caused by the persistent electricity blackouts which have resulted in a high reliance on self generated electricity.\r\n\r\nThe energy sector will continue to play a critical role in the industrial, technological, economic and social development of the country. In the power sector, the challenges include inadequate power generation capacity, inadequate and obsolete transmission and distribution networks in some major cities, inefficient transmission and distribution network resulting in high losses, low access to electricity grid, industry regulation, availability of gas for power generation, billing and revenue collection and inappropriate electricity pricing.\r\n\r\nThe broad vision for the energy sector is targeted at meeting the demand for energy in all sectors of the Nigerian economy, including the energy needs of households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at an affordable cost.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and Vision 2020:\r\n\r\n1. Journal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Wikipedia - <a title="Nigeria Vision 2020" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Vision_2020" target="_blank">Nigeria Vision 2020</a>', 'Vision 2020', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '270-revision-6', '', '', '2011-10-09 17:39:44', '2011-10-09 17:39:44', '', 270, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/09/270-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (279, 1, '2011-10-15 17:50:50', '2011-10-15 17:50:50', '', 'The Nigerian''s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'the-nigerians-dream', '', '', '2011-10-15 17:50:50', '2011-10-15 17:50:50', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (280, 1, '2011-10-15 17:41:54', '2011-10-15 17:41:54', 'The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of the Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\n\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\n\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\n\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of natural gas and abundant solid mineral deposits, including coal, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (Nigeria Muse).\n\n\nLate President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\n\n1. Energy: We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\n2. Security: Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\n3. Wealth Creation: 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\n4. Education: Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\n5. Land Reform: To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\n6. Mass Transit: To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\n7. Niger Delta: To implement the master plan already developed.\n\nResources\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\n\nJournal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\nPerpetual Minds - Energy Crisis In Nigeria\nWikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020\n\nImage Credit: None', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision', '', '', '2011-10-15 17:41:54', '2011-10-15 17:41:54', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (281, 1, '2011-10-15 17:51:11', '2011-10-15 17:51:11', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of the Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of natural gas and abundant solid mineral deposits, including coal, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (Nigeria Muse).\r\n\r\n\r\nLate President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n1. Energy: We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n2. Security: Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n3. Wealth Creation: 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n4. Education: Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n5. Land Reform: To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n6. Mass Transit: To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n7. Niger Delta: To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\nResources\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nJournal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\nPerpetual Minds - Energy Crisis In Nigeria\r\nWikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-2', '', '', '2011-10-15 17:51:11', '2011-10-15 17:51:11', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (282, 1, '2011-10-15 17:52:11', '2011-10-15 17:52:11', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of natural gas and abundant solid mineral deposits, including coal, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (Nigeria Muse).\r\n\r\n\r\nLate President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n1. Energy: We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n2. Security: Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n3. Wealth Creation: 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n4. Education: Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n5. Land Reform: To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n6. Mass Transit: To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n7. Niger Delta: To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\nResources\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nJournal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\nPerpetual Minds - Energy Crisis In Nigeria\r\nWikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-3', '', '', '2011-10-15 17:52:11', '2011-10-15 17:52:11', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (283, 1, '2011-10-15 17:53:03', '2011-10-15 17:53:03', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of natural gas and abundant solid mineral deposits, including coal, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (Nigeria Muse).\r\n\r\n\r\nLate President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n1. Energy: We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n2. Security: Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n3. Wealth Creation: 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n4. Education: Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n5. Land Reform: To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n6. Mass Transit: To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n7. Niger Delta: To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\nResources\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nJournal Of Sustainable Development In Africa Volume 12, No. 4, 2010\r\nPerpetual Minds - Energy Crisis In Nigeria\r\nWikipedia - Nigeria Vision 2020\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-4', '', '', '2011-10-15 17:53:03', '2011-10-15 17:53:03', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (284, 1, '2011-10-15 18:06:15', '2011-10-15 18:06:15', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and abundant solid mineral deposits, including <a title="Coal Mining" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/05/coal-mining/">coal</a>, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (<a title="Nigerian Muse" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Nigerian Muse</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Late President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda</strong>\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Energy:</strong> We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n<strong>2. Security:</strong> Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n<strong>3. Wealth Creation:</strong> 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n<strong>4. Education:</strong> Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n<strong>5. Land Reform:</strong> To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n<strong>6. Mass Transit:</strong> To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n<strong>7. Niger Delta:</strong> To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Nigerian Muse - <a title="Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-5', '', '', '2011-10-15 18:06:15', '2011-10-15 18:06:15', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (285, 1, '2011-10-15 18:06:23', '2011-10-15 18:06:23', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and abundant solid mineral deposits, including <a title="Coal Mining" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/05/coal-mining/">coal</a>, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (<a title="Nigerian Muse" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Nigerian Muse</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Late President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda</strong>\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Energy:</strong> We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n<strong>2. Security:</strong> Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n<strong>3. Wealth Creation:</strong> 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n<strong>4. Education:</strong> Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n<strong>5. Land Reform:</strong> To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n<strong>6. Mass Transit:</strong> To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n<strong>7. Niger Delta:</strong> To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Nigerian Muse - <a title="Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-6', '', '', '2011-10-15 18:06:23', '2011-10-15 18:06:23', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (286, 1, '2011-10-15 18:08:29', '2011-10-15 18:08:29', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and abundant solid mineral deposits, including <a title="Coal Mining" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/05/coal-mining/">coal</a>, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (<a title="Nigerian Muse" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Nigerian Muse</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Late President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda</strong>\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Energy:</strong> We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n<strong>2. Security:</strong> Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n<strong>3. Wealth Creation:</strong> 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n<strong>4. Education:</strong> Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n<strong>5. Land Reform:</strong> To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n<strong>6. Mass Transit:</strong> To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n<strong>7. Niger Delta:</strong> To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Nigerian Muse - <a title="Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-7', '', '', '2011-10-15 18:08:29', '2011-10-15 18:08:29', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (289, 2, '2011-10-24 06:00:47', '2011-10-24 06:00:47', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>', 'Energy Security', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'energy-security', '', '\nhttp://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/', '2011-10-23 20:04:54', '2011-10-23 20:04:54', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=289', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (288, 1, '2011-10-15 18:08:39', '2011-10-15 18:08:39', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-279" title="The Nigerian''s Dream" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/The-Nigerians-Dream.png" alt="The Nigerian''s Dream" width="300" height="300" /></a>The Nigerian government’s 7-Point Agenda or Seven Major Government Issues accommodate Power and Energy, Food Security and Agriculture, Wealth Creation and Employment, Mass Transportation, Land Reform, Security plus Qualitative and Functional Education. They were defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future; which energizes development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts that Nigeria may simply need to catalyze her development. The concept of the agenda, in particular the essential needs of Nigeria’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by Nigeria’s state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.\r\n\r\nWhen you think of Nigeria’s 7-Point Agenda as a system over economy, you grow to understand that poor living standards affect quality of these socio-economical entireties in Nigeria, and that inequality sprayed in Governance could harm citizens morale off the terrain of Nigeria’s identity.\r\n\r\nPresident Umaru Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda is pivotal. As part of the public sector/Nigerian government role, the challenge is to support and strengthen the Nigerian system to actualize its huge potential and fulfill its obligations to the society and the continent. Also for the Nigerian government-private-partnership to be effective, it is also incumbent on government to promote a liberal environment and encourage private initiatives, establish a positive investment climate, develop infrastructural facilities, establish appropriate regulatory, legislative and policy environments and ensure a fair, equitable and efficient tax regime.\r\n\r\nNigeria has an estimated proven oil reserves of 32 billion barrels, and is the sixth largest producer in the Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries, (OPEC). At the current rate of production, these reserves can last about 35 years. In addition to oil, Nigeria has substantial reserves of <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and abundant solid mineral deposits, including <a title="Coal Mining" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/05/coal-mining/">coal</a>, tin, kaolin, gypsum, columbine, gold, barites, marble, tantalite, salt and sulphur. Capacity utilization in industry is about 50%. Available data from the FOS indicates that poverty incidence in Nigeria in 1960 was about 15%. This grew to 28% in 1980 and 46% in 1985. By 1996, the poverty incidence was estimated to be about 66% in a population of about 110 million. Additional data from the FOS (1999) further indicated that life expectancy at birth was 51 years; literacy rate was 56%, and 70% of the rural population lacked access to potable water, healthcare and electricity (<a title="Nigerian Muse" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Nigerian Muse</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Late President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda</strong>\r\nThe following is the late Nigerian President Yar’ Adua’s Seven Point Agenda:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Energy:</strong> We need to solve the problem of power and energy - National Council on Energy to drive the energy policy and advice on power, energy and gas… energy emergency to be declared.\r\n<strong>2. Security:</strong> Treating security as a critical Infrastructure.\r\n<strong>3. Wealth Creation:</strong> 70% of all revenue comes from oil; need to keep this focused and extended to other areas.\r\n<strong>4. Education:</strong> Need to address the various problems in the education sector.\r\n<strong>5. Land Reform:</strong> To provide proper ownership and give a chance to take the land to capital market.\r\n<strong>6. Mass Transit:</strong> To develop capacity for mass movement of goods and people.\r\n<strong>7. Niger Delta:</strong> To implement the master plan already developed.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\n1. Nigerian Muse - <a title="Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!" href="http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20081225105058zg/sections/general-articles/yaraduas-7-point-agenda-impost-and-implementations/" target="_blank">Yar'' Adua''s 7-Point Agenda: Impost And Implementations!</a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>', 'The Nigerian’s Dream', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '278-revision-8', '', '', '2011-10-15 18:08:39', '2011-10-15 18:08:39', '', 278, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/15/278-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (290, 1, '2011-10-23 19:33:52', '2011-10-23 19:33:52', 'Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\n\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - Wikipedia).\n\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\n\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\n\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - Business Day).\n\n<strong>Resources</strong>\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\n\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\n\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power\n</a>\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:33:52', '2011-10-23 19:33:52', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (291, 1, '2011-10-23 19:35:32', '2011-10-23 19:35:32', 'Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - Business Day).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power\r\n</a>\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-2', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:35:32', '2011-10-23 19:35:32', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (292, 1, '2011-10-23 19:50:51', '2011-10-23 19:50:51', 'Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - Wikipedia).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - Business Day).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-3', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:50:51', '2011-10-23 19:50:51', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (293, 1, '2011-10-23 19:56:52', '2011-10-23 19:56:52', '', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'energy-security', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:56:52', '2011-10-23 19:56:52', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (294, 1, '2011-10-23 19:52:03', '2011-10-23 19:52:03', 'Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-4', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:52:03', '2011-10-23 19:52:03', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (295, 1, '2011-10-23 19:57:13', '2011-10-23 19:57:13', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-5', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:57:13', '2011-10-23 19:57:13', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (297, 1, '2011-10-23 20:02:12', '2011-10-23 20:02:12', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-7', '', '', '2011-10-23 20:02:12', '2011-10-23 20:02:12', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (296, 1, '2011-10-23 19:59:32', '2011-10-23 19:59:32', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis:\r\n\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-6', '', '', '2011-10-23 19:59:32', '2011-10-23 19:59:32', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (298, 1, '2011-10-23 20:02:54', '2011-10-23 20:02:54', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-8', '', '', '2011-10-23 20:02:54', '2011-10-23 20:02:54', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (299, 1, '2011-10-23 20:04:17', '2011-10-23 20:04:17', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-9', '', '', '2011-10-23 20:04:17', '2011-10-23 20:04:17', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-9/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (300, 1, '2011-10-23 20:04:38', '2011-10-23 20:04:38', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-293" title="Energy Security" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Energy-Security.png" alt="Energy Security" width="300" height="258" /></a>Energy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. Threats to energy security include the political instability of several energy producing countries, the manipulation of energy supplies, the competition over energy sources, attacks on supply infrastructure, as well as accidents, natural disasters, rising terrorism, and dominant countries reliance to the foreign oil supply. The limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels, such as oil and <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">gas</a>, create a need to change to more sustainable energy sources in the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nEnergy security has become one of the leading issues in the world today as oil and other resources have become as vital to the world''s people. However with oil production rates decreasing and oil production peak nearing the world has come to protect what resources we have left in the world. With new advancements in renewable resources, less pressure has been put on companies that produce the world''s oil. These resources include <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">geothermal</a>, <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power </a>and<a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/"> hydroelectric</a>. Although these are not all the current and possible future options for the world to turn to as the oil depletes, the most important issue is protecting these vital resources from future threats. These new resources will become more useful as the price of exporting and importing oil increases due to the increase of demand (Source - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>).\r\n\r\nThe Nigerian energy industry is probably one of the most inefficient in meeting the needs of its customers globally. This is most evident in the persistent disequilibrium in the markets for electricity and petroleum products, especially kerosene and diesel. The dismal energy service provision has adversely affected living standards of the population and exacerbated income and energy poverty in an economy where the majority of the people live on less than $2 a day. Yet, although Nigeria is energy and income poor, it is also energy resource rich and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis has weakened the industrialization process, and significantly undermined the effort to achieve sustained economic growth, increased competitiveness of domestic industries in domestic, regional and global markets and employment generation.\r\n\r\n<strong>Energy Security In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe current situation in Nigeria is paradoxical because, despite Nigeria’s rich oil and gas sector, many communities do not have access to electricity which is a secondary form of energy fueled by the petroleum with which Nigeria is richly endowed. Apart from electricity, even petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products had in the past, been quite often, in short supply. The circumstances are such that the country is grappling with the provision of this basic social infrastructure. A large part of the population does not have any access to electricity while those that have it cannot rely on the very poor supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria, which for a very long time was an integrated government owned utility company and run as a monopoly.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, in Nigeria, the lack of access to efficient energy resources has had adverse impacts on manufacturing, trade, industry, agriculture, etc. Agriculture hardly developed beyond the small holder subsistence level, as farmers could not increase production without energy, while harvests had been mostly lost due to lack of storage. Producers and farmers had been left with dwindling options. Artisans, small scale enterprises and larger productive enterprises are collapsing due to lack of accessible electricity.  The overall result is the loss of jobs and the impoverishment of many. Just like elsewhere in the developing world, leadership problems, instability and lack of infrastructural development make the energy security problem in Nigeria amongst the worst in the world (Source - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1)" target="_blank">Business Day</a>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for more information on the Nigerian energy crisis and fossil fuel and alternative energy sources:\r\n\r\n1. Business Day - <a title="Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria" href="http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/law/legal-insight/23150-energy-security-a-the-improving-energy-security-situation-in-nigeria-practical-roles-of-politics-law-a-private-sector-investments-part1" target="_blank">Energy Security &amp; The Improving Energy Security Situation In Nigeria Practical Roles of Politics, Law &amp; Private Sector Investments Part I </a>\r\n2. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Energy Crisis In Nigeria" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/03/energy-crisis-in-nigeria/">Energy Crisis In Nigeria</a>\r\n3. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Geothermal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/29/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a>\r\n4. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">Hydroelectric Power</a>\r\n5. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">Natural Gas As An Energy Source</a>\r\n6. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a>\r\n7. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Vision 2020" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/10/vision-2020/">Vision 2020</a>\r\n8. Perpetual Minds - <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">Wind Power</a>\r\n9. Wikipedia - <a title="Energy Security" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_security" target="_blank">Energy Security</a>', 'Energy Security', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '289-revision-10', '', '', '2011-10-23 20:04:38', '2011-10-23 20:04:38', '', 289, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/10/23/289-revision-10/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (302, 2, '2011-11-07 06:00:29', '2011-11-07 06:00:29', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-314" title="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png" alt="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" width="300" height="250" /></a>A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie, the Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on the petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'nigerian-petroleum-subsidy', '', '', '2011-11-03 18:16:02', '2011-11-03 18:16:02', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=302', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (303, 1, '2011-11-02 16:09:37', '2011-11-02 16:09:37', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\n\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\n\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\n\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\n\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for sometime now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\n\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a reoccurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian Leadership, present and past. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\n\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\n\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\nAccording to the Managing director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:09:37', '2011-11-02 16:09:37', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (314, 1, '2011-11-03 15:24:13', '2011-11-03 15:24:13', '', 'Nigerian Fuel Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'nigerian-fuel-subsidy', '', '', '2011-11-03 15:24:13', '2011-11-03 15:24:13', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (304, 1, '2011-11-02 16:11:07', '2011-11-02 16:11:07', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for sometime now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a reoccurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian Leadership, present and past. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-2', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:11:07', '2011-11-02 16:11:07', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (305, 1, '2011-11-02 16:13:04', '2011-11-02 16:13:04', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a reoccurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian Leadership, present and past. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-3', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:13:04', '2011-11-02 16:13:04', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (306, 1, '2011-11-02 16:14:59', '2011-11-02 16:14:59', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a reoccurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, present and past. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-4', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:14:59', '2011-11-02 16:14:59', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (307, 1, '2011-11-02 16:17:12', '2011-11-02 16:17:12', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, present and past. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-5', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:17:12', '2011-11-02 16:17:12', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (308, 1, '2011-11-02 16:18:15', '2011-11-02 16:18:15', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-6', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:18:15', '2011-11-02 16:18:15', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (309, 1, '2011-11-02 16:19:48', '2011-11-02 16:19:48', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie said that Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-7', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:19:48', '2011-11-02 16:19:48', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (310, 1, '2011-11-02 16:20:33', '2011-11-02 16:20:33', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie, the Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-8', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:20:33', '2011-11-02 16:20:33', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (311, 1, '2011-11-02 16:21:09', '2011-11-02 16:21:09', 'A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie, the Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on the petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-9', '', '', '2011-11-02 16:21:09', '2011-11-02 16:21:09', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/02/302-revision-9/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (318, 2, '2011-11-15 13:06:06', '2011-11-15 13:06:06', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-321" title="Oil Subsidy Impact" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png" alt="Oil Subsidy Impact" width="300" height="262" /></a>As the saying goes, <em>“A healthy nation is a wealthy nation.”</em> The future of any country’s survival, and that of its corporate institutions, depends largely on how healthy or otherwise responsive government is to the yearnings of it citizens.\r\n\r\nSubsidies are one of the palliative measures countries around the world put in place to stabilize the effect of local prices of crude on its masses. Globally around $300 billion (N35.3 trillion) is being spent on energy subsidies annually. It often comes as a mechanism in the form of money mapped out by governments to shield its citizens from the vagaries of the international scene. The idea of a fuel subsidy is usually introduced into budgetary guidelines of nations to protect the poor from paying the true price of petroleum products as obtainable in the international market. The volatile nature of the crude oil at the international market is usually factored in by both human and natural disasters. When such occur, they trigger off crises, with attendant increase in the prices of crude oil, thereby forcing governments to scamper for a safe landing, as inflation begins to create tension between government and it’s citizens.\r\n\r\nWhen such is the case, the demands for fuel and other petroleum products increase causing huge budget deficits as governments are forced to import refined oil products at high prices before selling at a loss to consumers in order to protect the masses of the people. This is premised on the concept that the poor simply cannot afford to pay higher prices for fuel, which is perceived as a recipe for social unrest. It is also pertinent to note that excessive spending on subsidies undermines spending in other areas, notably education and health, as well as crowding out investment. Regulated markets with subsidized prices therefore offer an easy target for unscrupulous traders, keen to take advantage of the price disparities available between countries.\r\n\r\nIt is very important to note that not all nations gave in to this. To some, it is a sort of relief, while to others, it is not necessary, but rather should be allowed to prevail upon people to discourage their consumption level of petroleum products. This idea of subsidies is polarized as such that developed economics are of the view that subsidy should be removed and that the money should be channeled towards other development projects for the people. Their reasons were that the poor that are meant to benefit are not benefiting rather, the rich are the people still eating fat from the subsidy. Their views were that most countries that subsidized fuel caused demand to stagnate, while demand is still rising steeply, threatening to outstrip the growth in global supplies, fearing the global effect of subsidy. However, concern in the global oil market these days may be how much longer countries can keep paying the high cost of subsidizing petroleum products for their consumers. If enough countries start passing the true cost of oil through their citizens, it will invariably help to bring the oil market into better balance and lowering prices.\r\n\r\n<strong>Subsidy Effect On Transportation Cost In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe proposed withdrawal of the Nigerian petroleum fuel subsidy will no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians. If we interpret the meaning of a subsidy correctly, once a subsidy is withdrawn, the result is that prices of goods and services will go up. The situation is made even worse because at present, none of the refineries in the country are functioning well.  The effect of this withdrawal will no doubt lead to an increase in the price of so many things, including transportation - and the ordinary people will bear the brunt of this increase. I have to believe the proposed withdrawal of petroleum subsidy would no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians, if nothing was put in place to reduce its effect on the cost of living, because the subsidy serves to cushion volatility in cost of products,  and would make the prices of goods increase.\r\n\r\nAlso this may not be the most auspicious time to bring up a harsh economic policy as the country has barely recovered from the post election crisis and labor unrest that followed the agitation for the payment of the new minimum wage (N18,000 - that is about $113.9 per government worker monthly).\r\n\r\nIf the Nigerian government enacts the controversial policy of fuel subsidy withdrawal, the country could erupt into crisis again, and this could be one crisis too many within a short time for a government that is barely la few months in office. The only way to stem the tension and anxiety among Nigerians over the policy is to give a reassurance that withdrawal of the fuel subsidy will not lead to a high increase in the pump price of fuel.', 'Petroleum Subsidy Impact', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'petroleum-subsidy-impact', '', '', '2011-11-15 13:06:06', '2011-11-15 13:06:06', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=318', 0, 'post', '', 1);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (315, 1, '2011-11-03 15:25:23', '2011-11-03 15:25:23', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-314" title="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png" alt="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" width="300" height="250" /></a>A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\n\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\n\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\n\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\n\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\n\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\n\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\n\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie, the Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on the petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-10', '', '', '2011-11-03 15:25:23', '2011-11-03 15:25:23', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/03/302-revision-10/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (317, 1, '2011-11-03 15:29:26', '2011-11-03 15:29:26', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-314" title="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png" alt="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" width="300" height="250" /></a>A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\n\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\n\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\n\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\n\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\n\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\n\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\n\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie, the Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on the petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-12', '', '', '2011-11-03 15:29:26', '2011-11-03 15:29:26', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/03/302-revision-12/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (316, 1, '2011-11-03 15:25:48', '2011-11-03 15:25:48', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-314" title="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Nigerian-Fuel-Subsidy.png" alt="Nigerian Fuel Subsidy" width="300" height="250" /></a>A subsidy (also known as a subvention) is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.\r\n\r\nSubsidies can be regarded as a form of protectionism or trade barrier by making domestic goods and services artificially competitive against imports. Subsidies may distort markets, and can impose large economic costs.\r\n\r\nFinancial assistance in the form of a subsidy may come from one''s government, but the term subsidy may also refer to assistance granted by others, such as individuals or non- governmental institutions.\r\n\r\nThe subject of this piece is too familiar to the generality of Nigerian public since mid 1980s to date. That is to say, the issue of removal of subsidy from the prices of petroleum products consumed in Nigeria is not new; about 30 years since 1982 when President Shehu Shagari introduced the first set of austerity measures to address the then worsening economic situation faced by the Nigerian economy under his leadership.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Petroleum Subsidy Problem</strong>\r\nThe issue of petroleum subsidy has been at the front burner of public discourse for some time now following the decision of the present Nigerian administration to deal with the contentious issue of the petroleum subsidy once and for all.\r\n\r\nThe problem is the obvious reluctance of successive governments to tackle the fundamental problem that has made a commodity that is supposed to be a blessing to us, to now become a source of pain and anguish to all. The issue of petroleum subsidy removal has been a recurring rhetoric even before I was born. The mere fact that this issue still continues to agitate the public space for about two decades without a sign of abating is an indictment on the Nigerian leadership, past and present. More so, in the face of the harsh economic realities, unemployment, poverty and insecurity, removing subsidy would appear a hard sell for organized labour and the general public.\r\n\r\nThe benefits of subsidy removal and deregulation of the downstream sector are numerous and well researched. For Nigeria to vigorously pursue its developmental and transformational agenda there is need to increase the budgetary vote for capital expenditure against recurrent expenditure. The present situation where recurrent expenditure gulps up a huge portion of the entire budget makes mockery of our quest to move the country towards economic prosperity. Deregulation of the downstream sector will engender private sector participation and investment. This will in turn provide massive employment for our teeming skilled youth just as it happened in the telecom industry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Possible solution</strong>\r\nAccording to the Managing Director of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Engineer Chime Ibenechie, the Nigerian government spent $350 million monthly on the petroleum subsidy, which is really affecting the development of the nation’s economy. One of the possible solutions to this problem is for the Nigerian government to consider allocating money to renewable energy sources which will reduce the demand on petroleum and other natural gases.', 'Nigerian Petroleum Subsidy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '302-revision-11', '', '', '2011-11-03 15:25:48', '2011-11-03 15:25:48', '', 302, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/03/302-revision-11/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (319, 1, '2011-11-14 19:50:24', '2011-11-14 19:50:24', 'As the saying goes, <em>“A healthy nation is a wealthy nation.”</em> The future of any country’s survival, and that of its corporate institutions, depends largely on how healthy or otherwise responsive government is to the yearnings of it citizens.\n\nSubsidies are one of the palliative measures countries around the world put in place to stabilize the effect of local prices of crude on its masses. Globally around $300 billion (N35.3 trillion) is being spent on energy subsidies annually. It often comes as a mechanism in the form of money mapped out by governments to shield its citizens from the vagaries of the international scene. The idea of a fuel subsidy is usually introduced into budgetary guidelines of nations to protect the poor from paying the true price of petroleum products as obtainable in the international market. The volatile nature of the crude oil at the international market is usually factored in by both human and natural disasters. When such occur, they trigger off crises, with attendant increase in the prices of crude oil, thereby forcing governments to scamper for a safe landing, as inflation begins to create tension between government and it’s citizens.\n\nWhen such is the case, the demands for fuel and other petroleum products increase causing huge budget deficits as governments are forced to import refined oil products at high prices before selling at a loss to consumers in order to protect the masses of the people. This is premised on the concept that the poor simply cannot afford to pay higher prices for fuel, which is perceived as a recipe for social unrest. It is also pertinent to note that excessive spending on subsidies undermines spending in other areas, notably education and health, as well as crowding out investment. Regulated markets with subsidized prices therefore offer an easy target for unscrupulous traders, keen to take advantage of the price disparities available between countries.\n\nIt is very important to note that not all nations gave in to this. To some, it is a sort of relief, while to others, it is not necessary, but rather should be allowed to prevail upon people to discourage their consumption level of petroleum products. This idea of subsidies is polarized as such that developed economics are of the view that subsidy should be removed and that the money should be channeled towards other development projects for the people. Their reasons were that the poor that are meant to benefit are not benefiting rather, the rich are the people still eating fat from the subsidy. Their views were that most countries that subsidized fuel caused demand to stagnate, while demand is still rising steeply, threatening to outstrip the growth in global supplies, fearing the global effect of subsidy. However, concern in the global oil market these days may be how much longer countries can keep paying the high cost of subsidizing petroleum products for their consumers. If enough countries start passing the true cost of oil through their citizens, it will invariably help to bring the oil market into better balance and lowering prices.\n\n<strong>Subsidy Effect On Transportation Cost In Nigeria</strong>\nThe proposed withdrawal of the Nigerian petroleum fuel subsidy will no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians. If we interpret the meaning of a subsidy correctly, once a subsidy is withdrawn, the result is that prices of goods and services will go up. The situation is made even worse because at present, none of the refineries in the country are functioning well.  The effect of this withdrawal will no doubt lead to an increase in the price of so many things, including transportation - and the ordinary people will bear the brunt of this increase. I have to believe the proposed withdrawal of petroleum subsidy would no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians, if nothing was put in place to reduce its effect on the cost of living, because the subsidy serves to cushion volatility in cost of products,  and would make the prices of goods increase.\n\nAlso this may not be the most auspicious time to bring up a harsh economic policy as the country has barely recovered from the post election crisis and labour unrest that followed the agitation for the payment of the new minimum wage (N18,000 - that is about $113.9 per government worker monthly).\n\nIf the Nigerian government enacts the controversial policy of fuel subsidy withdrawal, the country could erupt into crisis again, and this could be one crisis too many within a short time for a government that is barely la few months in office. The only way to stem the tension and anxiety among Nigerians over the policy is to give a reassurance that withdrawal of the fuel subsidy will not lead to a high increase in the pump price of fuel.\n\nImage Credit: None', 'Petroleum Subsidy Impact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '318-revision', '', '', '2011-11-14 19:50:24', '2011-11-14 19:50:24', '', 318, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/14/318-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (320, 1, '2011-11-14 20:07:09', '2011-11-14 20:07:09', 'As the saying goes, <em>“A healthy nation is a wealthy nation.”</em> The future of any country’s survival, and that of its corporate institutions, depends largely on how healthy or otherwise responsive government is to the yearnings of it citizens.\n\nSubsidies are one of the palliative measures countries around the world put in place to stabilize the effect of local prices of crude on its masses. Globally around $300 billion (N35.3 trillion) is being spent on energy subsidies annually. It often comes as a mechanism in the form of money mapped out by governments to shield its citizens from the vagaries of the international scene. The idea of a fuel subsidy is usually introduced into budgetary guidelines of nations to protect the poor from paying the true price of petroleum products as obtainable in the international market. The volatile nature of the crude oil at the international market is usually factored in by both human and natural disasters. When such occur, they trigger off crises, with attendant increase in the prices of crude oil, thereby forcing governments to scamper for a safe landing, as inflation begins to create tension between government and it’s citizens.\n\nWhen such is the case, the demands for fuel and other petroleum products increase causing huge budget deficits as governments are forced to import refined oil products at high prices before selling at a loss to consumers in order to protect the masses of the people. This is premised on the concept that the poor simply cannot afford to pay higher prices for fuel, which is perceived as a recipe for social unrest. It is also pertinent to note that excessive spending on subsidies undermines spending in other areas, notably education and health, as well as crowding out investment. Regulated markets with subsidized prices therefore offer an easy target for unscrupulous traders, keen to take advantage of the price disparities available between countries.\n\nIt is very important to note that not all nations gave in to this. To some, it is a sort of relief, while to others, it is not necessary, but rather should be allowed to prevail upon people to discourage their consumption level of petroleum products. This idea of subsidies is polarized as such that developed economics are of the view that subsidy should be removed and that the money should be channeled towards other development projects for the people. Their reasons were that the poor that are meant to benefit are not benefiting rather, the rich are the people still eating fat from the subsidy. Their views were that most countries that subsidized fuel caused demand to stagnate, while demand is still rising steeply, threatening to outstrip the growth in global supplies, fearing the global effect of subsidy. However, concern in the global oil market these days may be how much longer countries can keep paying the high cost of subsidizing petroleum products for their consumers. If enough countries start passing the true cost of oil through their citizens, it will invariably help to bring the oil market into better balance and lowering prices.\n\n<strong>Subsidy Effect On Transportation Cost In Nigeria</strong>\nThe proposed withdrawal of the Nigerian petroleum fuel subsidy will no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians. If we interpret the meaning of a subsidy correctly, once a subsidy is withdrawn, the result is that prices of goods and services will go up. The situation is made even worse because at present, none of the refineries in the country are functioning well.  The effect of this withdrawal will no doubt lead to an increase in the price of so many things, including transportation - and the ordinary people will bear the brunt of this increase. I have to believe the proposed withdrawal of petroleum subsidy would no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians, if nothing was put in place to reduce its effect on the cost of living, because the subsidy serves to cushion volatility in cost of products,  and would make the prices of goods increase.\n\nAlso this may not be the most auspicious time to bring up a harsh economic policy as the country has barely recovered from the post election crisis and labour unrest that followed the agitation for the payment of the new minimum wage (N18,000 - that is about $113.9 per government worker monthly).\n\nIf the Nigerian government enacts the controversial policy of fuel subsidy withdrawal, the country could erupt into crisis again, and this could be one crisis too many within a short time for a government that is barely la few months in office. The only way to stem the tension and anxiety among Nigerians over the policy is to give a reassurance that withdrawal of the fuel subsidy will not lead to a high increase in the pump price of fuel.\n\nImage Credit: None', 'Petroleum Subsidy Impact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '318-revision-2', '', '', '2011-11-14 20:07:09', '2011-11-14 20:07:09', '', 318, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/14/318-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (321, 1, '2011-11-14 20:23:05', '2011-11-14 20:23:05', '', 'Oil Subsidy Impact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'oil-subsidy-impact', '', '', '2011-11-14 20:23:05', '2011-11-14 20:23:05', '', 318, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (322, 1, '2011-11-14 20:12:37', '2011-11-14 20:12:37', 'As the saying goes, <em>“A healthy nation is a wealthy nation.”</em> The future of any country’s survival, and that of its corporate institutions, depends largely on how healthy or otherwise responsive government is to the yearnings of it citizens.\r\n\r\nSubsidies are one of the palliative measures countries around the world put in place to stabilize the effect of local prices of crude on its masses. Globally around $300 billion (N35.3 trillion) is being spent on energy subsidies annually. It often comes as a mechanism in the form of money mapped out by governments to shield its citizens from the vagaries of the international scene. The idea of a fuel subsidy is usually introduced into budgetary guidelines of nations to protect the poor from paying the true price of petroleum products as obtainable in the international market. The volatile nature of the crude oil at the international market is usually factored in by both human and natural disasters. When such occur, they trigger off crises, with attendant increase in the prices of crude oil, thereby forcing governments to scamper for a safe landing, as inflation begins to create tension between government and it’s citizens.\r\n\r\nWhen such is the case, the demands for fuel and other petroleum products increase causing huge budget deficits as governments are forced to import refined oil products at high prices before selling at a loss to consumers in order to protect the masses of the people. This is premised on the concept that the poor simply cannot afford to pay higher prices for fuel, which is perceived as a recipe for social unrest. It is also pertinent to note that excessive spending on subsidies undermines spending in other areas, notably education and health, as well as crowding out investment. Regulated markets with subsidized prices therefore offer an easy target for unscrupulous traders, keen to take advantage of the price disparities available between countries.\r\n\r\nIt is very important to note that not all nations gave in to this. To some, it is a sort of relief, while to others, it is not necessary, but rather should be allowed to prevail upon people to discourage their consumption level of petroleum products. This idea of subsidies is polarized as such that developed economics are of the view that subsidy should be removed and that the money should be channeled towards other development projects for the people. Their reasons were that the poor that are meant to benefit are not benefiting rather, the rich are the people still eating fat from the subsidy. Their views were that most countries that subsidized fuel caused demand to stagnate, while demand is still rising steeply, threatening to outstrip the growth in global supplies, fearing the global effect of subsidy. However, concern in the global oil market these days may be how much longer countries can keep paying the high cost of subsidizing petroleum products for their consumers. If enough countries start passing the true cost of oil through their citizens, it will invariably help to bring the oil market into better balance and lowering prices.\r\n\r\n<strong>Subsidy Effect On Transportation Cost In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe proposed withdrawal of the Nigerian petroleum fuel subsidy will no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians. If we interpret the meaning of a subsidy correctly, once a subsidy is withdrawn, the result is that prices of goods and services will go up. The situation is made even worse because at present, none of the refineries in the country are functioning well.  The effect of this withdrawal will no doubt lead to an increase in the price of so many things, including transportation - and the ordinary people will bear the brunt of this increase. I have to believe the proposed withdrawal of petroleum subsidy would no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians, if nothing was put in place to reduce its effect on the cost of living, because the subsidy serves to cushion volatility in cost of products,  and would make the prices of goods increase.\r\n\r\nAlso this may not be the most auspicious time to bring up a harsh economic policy as the country has barely recovered from the post election crisis and labour unrest that followed the agitation for the payment of the new minimum wage (N18,000 - that is about $113.9 per government worker monthly).\r\n\r\nIf the Nigerian government enacts the controversial policy of fuel subsidy withdrawal, the country could erupt into crisis again, and this could be one crisis too many within a short time for a government that is barely la few months in office. The only way to stem the tension and anxiety among Nigerians over the policy is to give a reassurance that withdrawal of the fuel subsidy will not lead to a high increase in the pump price of fuel.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Petroleum Subsidy Impact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '318-revision-3', '', '', '2011-11-14 20:12:37', '2011-11-14 20:12:37', '', 318, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/14/318-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (323, 1, '2011-11-14 20:23:36', '2011-11-14 20:23:36', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-321" title="Oil Subsidy Impact" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png" alt="Oil Subsidy Impact" width="300" height="262" /></a>As the saying goes, <em>“A healthy nation is a wealthy nation.”</em> The future of any country’s survival, and that of its corporate institutions, depends largely on how healthy or otherwise responsive government is to the yearnings of it citizens.\r\n\r\nSubsidies are one of the palliative measures countries around the world put in place to stabilize the effect of local prices of crude on its masses. Globally around $300 billion (N35.3 trillion) is being spent on energy subsidies annually. It often comes as a mechanism in the form of money mapped out by governments to shield its citizens from the vagaries of the international scene. The idea of a fuel subsidy is usually introduced into budgetary guidelines of nations to protect the poor from paying the true price of petroleum products as obtainable in the international market. The volatile nature of the crude oil at the international market is usually factored in by both human and natural disasters. When such occur, they trigger off crises, with attendant increase in the prices of crude oil, thereby forcing governments to scamper for a safe landing, as inflation begins to create tension between government and it’s citizens.\r\n\r\nWhen such is the case, the demands for fuel and other petroleum products increase causing huge budget deficits as governments are forced to import refined oil products at high prices before selling at a loss to consumers in order to protect the masses of the people. This is premised on the concept that the poor simply cannot afford to pay higher prices for fuel, which is perceived as a recipe for social unrest. It is also pertinent to note that excessive spending on subsidies undermines spending in other areas, notably education and health, as well as crowding out investment. Regulated markets with subsidized prices therefore offer an easy target for unscrupulous traders, keen to take advantage of the price disparities available between countries.\r\n\r\nIt is very important to note that not all nations gave in to this. To some, it is a sort of relief, while to others, it is not necessary, but rather should be allowed to prevail upon people to discourage their consumption level of petroleum products. This idea of subsidies is polarized as such that developed economics are of the view that subsidy should be removed and that the money should be channeled towards other development projects for the people. Their reasons were that the poor that are meant to benefit are not benefiting rather, the rich are the people still eating fat from the subsidy. Their views were that most countries that subsidized fuel caused demand to stagnate, while demand is still rising steeply, threatening to outstrip the growth in global supplies, fearing the global effect of subsidy. However, concern in the global oil market these days may be how much longer countries can keep paying the high cost of subsidizing petroleum products for their consumers. If enough countries start passing the true cost of oil through their citizens, it will invariably help to bring the oil market into better balance and lowering prices.\r\n\r\n<strong>Subsidy Effect On Transportation Cost In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe proposed withdrawal of the Nigerian petroleum fuel subsidy will no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians. If we interpret the meaning of a subsidy correctly, once a subsidy is withdrawn, the result is that prices of goods and services will go up. The situation is made even worse because at present, none of the refineries in the country are functioning well.  The effect of this withdrawal will no doubt lead to an increase in the price of so many things, including transportation - and the ordinary people will bear the brunt of this increase. I have to believe the proposed withdrawal of petroleum subsidy would no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians, if nothing was put in place to reduce its effect on the cost of living, because the subsidy serves to cushion volatility in cost of products,  and would make the prices of goods increase.\r\n\r\nAlso this may not be the most auspicious time to bring up a harsh economic policy as the country has barely recovered from the post election crisis and labour unrest that followed the agitation for the payment of the new minimum wage (N18,000 - that is about $113.9 per government worker monthly).\r\n\r\nIf the Nigerian government enacts the controversial policy of fuel subsidy withdrawal, the country could erupt into crisis again, and this could be one crisis too many within a short time for a government that is barely la few months in office. The only way to stem the tension and anxiety among Nigerians over the policy is to give a reassurance that withdrawal of the fuel subsidy will not lead to a high increase in the pump price of fuel.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: None', 'Petroleum Subsidy Impact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '318-revision-4', '', '', '2011-11-14 20:23:36', '2011-11-14 20:23:36', '', 318, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/14/318-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (324, 1, '2011-11-14 21:27:00', '2011-11-14 21:27:00', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-321" title="Oil Subsidy Impact" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Oil-Subsidy-Impact.png" alt="Oil Subsidy Impact" width="300" height="262" /></a>As the saying goes, <em>“A healthy nation is a wealthy nation.”</em> The future of any country’s survival, and that of its corporate institutions, depends largely on how healthy or otherwise responsive government is to the yearnings of it citizens.\r\n\r\nSubsidies are one of the palliative measures countries around the world put in place to stabilize the effect of local prices of crude on its masses. Globally around $300 billion (N35.3 trillion) is being spent on energy subsidies annually. It often comes as a mechanism in the form of money mapped out by governments to shield its citizens from the vagaries of the international scene. The idea of a fuel subsidy is usually introduced into budgetary guidelines of nations to protect the poor from paying the true price of petroleum products as obtainable in the international market. The volatile nature of the crude oil at the international market is usually factored in by both human and natural disasters. When such occur, they trigger off crises, with attendant increase in the prices of crude oil, thereby forcing governments to scamper for a safe landing, as inflation begins to create tension between government and it’s citizens.\r\n\r\nWhen such is the case, the demands for fuel and other petroleum products increase causing huge budget deficits as governments are forced to import refined oil products at high prices before selling at a loss to consumers in order to protect the masses of the people. This is premised on the concept that the poor simply cannot afford to pay higher prices for fuel, which is perceived as a recipe for social unrest. It is also pertinent to note that excessive spending on subsidies undermines spending in other areas, notably education and health, as well as crowding out investment. Regulated markets with subsidized prices therefore offer an easy target for unscrupulous traders, keen to take advantage of the price disparities available between countries.\r\n\r\nIt is very important to note that not all nations gave in to this. To some, it is a sort of relief, while to others, it is not necessary, but rather should be allowed to prevail upon people to discourage their consumption level of petroleum products. This idea of subsidies is polarized as such that developed economics are of the view that subsidy should be removed and that the money should be channeled towards other development projects for the people. Their reasons were that the poor that are meant to benefit are not benefiting rather, the rich are the people still eating fat from the subsidy. Their views were that most countries that subsidized fuel caused demand to stagnate, while demand is still rising steeply, threatening to outstrip the growth in global supplies, fearing the global effect of subsidy. However, concern in the global oil market these days may be how much longer countries can keep paying the high cost of subsidizing petroleum products for their consumers. If enough countries start passing the true cost of oil through their citizens, it will invariably help to bring the oil market into better balance and lowering prices.\r\n\r\n<strong>Subsidy Effect On Transportation Cost In Nigeria</strong>\r\nThe proposed withdrawal of the Nigerian petroleum fuel subsidy will no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians. If we interpret the meaning of a subsidy correctly, once a subsidy is withdrawn, the result is that prices of goods and services will go up. The situation is made even worse because at present, none of the refineries in the country are functioning well.  The effect of this withdrawal will no doubt lead to an increase in the price of so many things, including transportation - and the ordinary people will bear the brunt of this increase. I have to believe the proposed withdrawal of petroleum subsidy would no doubt create difficulties for ordinary Nigerians, if nothing was put in place to reduce its effect on the cost of living, because the subsidy serves to cushion volatility in cost of products,  and would make the prices of goods increase.\r\n\r\nAlso this may not be the most auspicious time to bring up a harsh economic policy as the country has barely recovered from the post election crisis and labor unrest that followed the agitation for the payment of the new minimum wage (N18,000 - that is about $113.9 per government worker monthly).\r\n\r\nIf the Nigerian government enacts the controversial policy of fuel subsidy withdrawal, the country could erupt into crisis again, and this could be one crisis too many within a short time for a government that is barely la few months in office. The only way to stem the tension and anxiety among Nigerians over the policy is to give a reassurance that withdrawal of the fuel subsidy will not lead to a high increase in the pump price of fuel.', 'Petroleum Subsidy Impact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '318-revision-5', '', '', '2011-11-14 21:27:00', '2011-11-14 21:27:00', '', 318, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/11/14/318-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (328, 1, '2013-06-19 21:05:31', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', 'Auto Draft', '', 'auto-draft', 'open', 'open', '', '', '', '', '2013-06-19 21:05:31', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=328', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (329, 1, '2011-05-19 16:06:29', '2011-05-19 16:06:29', '<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Perpetual Minds</strong></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Our Management Team</strong></span>\r\n\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n\r\n[caption id="attachment_26" align="alignleft" width="150" caption="Stephen Ogunyiola"]<strong><strong><a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/SAO_250.png"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-26" title="Stephen Ogunyiola, Managing Director Perpetual Minds, Inc. " src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/SAO_250-150x150.png" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></strong></strong>[/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Managing Director</strong>\r\n\r\nStephen serves as the Managing Director for Perpetual Minds, Inc. As the Managing Director, he leads the Perpetual Minds initiative through clean engineering, creative ideas, and user friendly design to develop revolutionary perpetual energy consumer products. Stephen acts as the liaison between the Perpetual Minds business and the corporate Board Of Directors to ensure strong intellectual property, sound business judgment, and organizational alignment to the business operating group. Stephen is the creative and technical force behind the company’s goal of ubiquitous, affordable, and clean global energy.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Our Board of Directors</strong></span>\r\n\r\n[caption id="attachment_32" align="alignleft" width="150" caption="Analytika, Inc."]<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/AnalytikaLogo200.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-32" title="Analytika, Inc." src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/AnalytikaLogo200-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a>[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPerpetual Minds is backed by the <a title="Analytika BOD" href="http://analytikainc.com/about/board-of-directors/" target="_blank">Analytika, Inc. Board of Directors</a>. <strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style="text-align: center;">Perpetual Minds is a company of <a title="Analytika" href="http://analytikainc.com" target="_blank">Analytika, Inc</a>.<img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-40" title="Analytika" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/AnalytikaLogo1501.png" alt="" width="90" height="90" /></p>', 'About', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '8-revision-27', '', '', '2011-05-19 16:06:29', '2011-05-19 16:06:29', '', 8, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/05/19/8-revision-27/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (332, 1166, '2015-05-29 15:36:23', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', 'Auto Draft', '', 'auto-draft', 'open', 'open', '', '', '', '', '2015-05-29 15:36:23', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=332', 0, 'post', '', 0);
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