INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (168, 1, '2011-08-08 04:16:59', '2011-08-08 04:16:59', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crop.\r\n4. Growing Biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of Biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops maybe in demand for other purposes, such as faming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-4', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:16:59', '2011-08-08 04:16:59', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (169, 1, '2011-08-08 04:18:16', '2011-08-08 04:18:16', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of Biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops maybe in demand for other purposes, such as faming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-5', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:18:16', '2011-08-08 04:18:16', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (170, 1, '2011-08-08 04:18:49', '2011-08-08 04:18:49', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of Biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops maybe in demand for other purposes, such as faming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-6', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:18:49', '2011-08-08 04:18:49', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (171, 1, '2011-08-08 04:19:47', '2011-08-08 04:19:47', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops maybe in demand for other purposes, such as faming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-7', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:19:47', '2011-08-08 04:19:47', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (172, 1, '2011-08-08 04:20:20', '2011-08-08 04:20:20', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops may be in demand for other purposes, such as faming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-8', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:20:20', '2011-08-08 04:20:20', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (173, 1, '2011-08-08 04:21:05', '2011-08-08 04:21:05', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops may be in demand for other purposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of Biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-9', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:21:05', '2011-08-08 04:21:05', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-9/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (174, 1, '2011-08-08 04:22:32', '2011-08-08 04:22:32', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops may be in demand for other purposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as natural gas and coal, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-10', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:22:32', '2011-08-08 04:22:32', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-10/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (175, 1, '2011-08-08 04:22:50', '2011-08-08 04:22:50', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops may be in demand for other purposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-11', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:22:50', '2011-08-08 04:22:50', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-11/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (176, 1, '2011-08-08 04:27:27', '2011-08-08 04:27:27', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops may be in demand for other purposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Pike Research" href="http://www.pikeresearch.com/research/biomass-markets-and-technologies" target="_blank">Pike Research</a>', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-autosave', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:27:27', '2011-08-08 04:27:27', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-autosave/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (177, 1, '2011-08-08 04:23:30', '2011-08-08 04:23:30', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-164 alignleft" title="Biomass" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomass-300x225.jpg" alt="Biomass" width="300" height="225" /></a>In many developing countries wood has been used as a fuel. The situation is growing so desperate that wood is poached from forest reserves. As a result the ecosystem is degrading deplorably. So, in order to protect the natural environment, there is every necessity of producing alternative sources of energy for the needs of the people. Biomass is the best alternative as it is readily available and production of energy from biomass is also less costly. The conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, crude oil, natural gas etc. are dwindling fast. The world stocks of non-renewable natural sources have decreased at such a rate that there is a growing necessity of seeking out renewable alternative resources for energy such as firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes; forest residues are the main sources of this non-commercial energy. The most efficient utilization of these resources occurs when they are converted to biomass by appropriate technologies. The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the rural areas. The 80% of our population that resides in villages are dependent on these non-commercial biomass fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Concept</strong>\r\nThe term biomass refers to all organic matter generated through photosynthesis and other biological processes. The ultimate source of this renewable biomass is the inexhaustible solar energy which is captured by plants through photosynthesis. It includes both terrestrial as well as aquatic matter such as wood, herbaceous plants, algae, aquatic plants and residues - such as straw, husks, corncobs, cow dung, saw-dust, wood shavings and other wastes like disposable garbage, night soil, sewage solids, industrial refuse etc.\r\n\r\nIn order to utilize these resources properly, biomass should be converted to energy which can meet a sizable percentage of the country''s demands for fuel as well as energy. Three main approaches can be adopted for generation and proper utilization.\r\n\r\n1. Collection of agricultural and forest residues to produce fuels, organic manures and chemical feed stock.\r\n2. Collection of urban and industrial wastes as fuel in boilers and as a feedstock for producing methane and some liquid fuels.\r\n3. Growth of some specific energy plants for use as energy feed stock and cultivation of commercial forestry, aquatic and marine plants for different products. By a number of processes, the collected wastes can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The technologies include thermal, thermo-chemical, and bio-chemical conversions. The actual processes in these technologies are combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, alcoholic fermentation, liquefaction etc.  The main products of conversion technologies are energy (thermal, steam, electricity), solid fuels (charcoal, combustibles) and synthetic fuels (methanol, methane, hydrogen gas etc.). These can be used for different purposes like cooking, lighting, heating, water pumping, electricity generation and as industrial and transport fuels.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using biomass which include the following:\r\n\r\n1. Biomass used as a fuel reduces the need for fossil fuels for the production of heat, steam, and electricity for residential, industrial and agricultural use.\r\n2. Biomass is always available and can be produced as a renewable resource.\r\n3. Biomass fuel from agriculture wastes may be a secondary product that adds value to agricultural crops.\r\n4. Growing biomass crops produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.\r\n5. The use of waste materials reduce landfill disposal and makes more space for everything else.\r\n6. Carbon Dioxide which is released when Biomass fuel is burned, is taken in by plants.\r\n7. Less money spent on foreign oil.\r\n\r\n<strong>Biomass Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of biomass, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Agricultural wastes will not be available if the basic crop is no longer grown.\r\n2. Additional work is needed in areas such as harvesting methods.\r\n3. Land used for energy crops may be in demand for other purposes, such as farming, conservation, housing, resort or agricultural use.\r\n4. Some biomass conversion projects are from animal wastes and are relatively small and therefore are limited.\r\n5. Research is needed to reduce the costs of production of biomass based fuels.\r\n6. May be a major cause of pollution.\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, biomass is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on biomass as an energy source, we must seek out cleaner alternative energy.', 'Biomass', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '163-revision-12', '', '', '2011-08-08 04:23:30', '2011-08-08 04:23:30', '', 163, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/08/163-revision-12/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (179, 2, '2011-08-15 06:00:26', '2011-08-15 06:00:26', '<p><a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions.</p>\r\n<p>Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.</p>\r\n<p><strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong><br />\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.</p>\r\n<p>However, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.</p>\r\n<p>How is solar power generation useful for our day-to-day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!</p>\r\n<p>But how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong><br />\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:</p>\r\n<p><strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil which is a huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.<br />\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong><br />\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:</p>\r\n<p><strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.<br />\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.<br />\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).</p>\r\n<p>As with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.</p>\r\n<p>Photo Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a></p>\r\n', 'Solar Energy', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'solar-energy', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:35:53', '2011-08-10 20:35:53', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=179', 0, 'post', '', 2);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (180, 1, '2011-08-10 20:17:27', '2011-08-10 20:17:27', '', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'solar-power', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:17:27', '2011-08-10 20:17:27', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (181, 1, '2011-08-10 20:19:40', '2011-08-10 20:19:40', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\n\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\n\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\n\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day to day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to up to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\n\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\n\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\n\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil. A huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\n\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\n\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\n\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\n\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:19:40', '2011-08-10 20:19:40', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (182, 1, '2011-08-10 20:21:26', '2011-08-10 20:21:26', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\r\n\r\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\r\n\r\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day to day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to up to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\r\n\r\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil. A huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision-2', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:21:26', '2011-08-10 20:21:26', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (185, 1, '2011-08-10 20:31:14', '2011-08-10 20:31:14', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions.\r\n\r\nDue to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\r\n\r\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\r\n\r\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day-to-day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\r\n\r\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil. A huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision-5', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:31:14', '2011-08-10 20:31:14', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (183, 1, '2011-08-10 20:22:37', '2011-08-10 20:22:37', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions.\r\n\r\nDue to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\r\n\r\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\r\n\r\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day to day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to up to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\r\n\r\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil. A huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision-3', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:22:37', '2011-08-10 20:22:37', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (184, 1, '2011-08-10 20:29:44', '2011-08-10 20:29:44', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions.\r\n\r\nDue to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\r\n\r\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\r\n\r\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day-to-day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to up to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\r\n\r\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil. A huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision-4', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:29:44', '2011-08-10 20:29:44', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (186, 1, '2011-08-10 20:33:25', '2011-08-10 20:33:25', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions.\r\n\r\nDue to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\r\n\r\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\r\n\r\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day-to-day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\r\n\r\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil which is a huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision-6', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:33:25', '2011-08-10 20:33:25', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (187, 1, '2011-08-10 20:35:39', '2011-08-10 20:35:39', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-180" title="Solar Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Solar-Power.png" alt="Solar Energy" width="300" height="240" /></a>In today''s climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels must be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions.\r\n\r\nDue to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone). The storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a very small amount of radiation will be received. At night or during heavy cloud-cover, for example, the amount of energy produced by the collector will be quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess energy produced during the periods of maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity drops. In practice, a backup power supply is usually added, too, for the situations when the amount of energy required is greater than both what is being produced and what is stored in the container.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Solar Power Generated?</strong>\r\nWith the increasing popularity of solar energy in the past few decades, solar power generation has become a widely-talked about topic as well. Truth be told, generating solar power from solar energy is fairly basic for anyone who understands the sun and the energy it produces. In our day-to-day life, we look up at the sun as our primary source of light. It also allows life to exist. We also look at the sun as a source of warmth, almost to a negative extent especially on a hot, scorching day. However, the sun offers much more than we know. The sun, through its rays, emits solar energy which can be converted to other forms of energy with practical applications. Specifically, solar energy can be converted into heat and electricity – two things which are indispensable in modern living.\r\n\r\nHowever, before heat or electricity can be produced through solar energy, there has to be a system through which energy from the sun can be collected. Technology has allowed this to happen in the form of solar cells or panels. These panels are made of semi-conductive material, usually silicon. When light rays (in particles called photons) hit these solar panels, the electrons that make up these solar cells can absorb the energy. The absorbed energy allows them to behave like conductors. Ideally, as the electrons in the solar panels get heated up, they can break free and carry an electric charge. This creates a current of electrons, which are collected through metal wires, that in turn results to the generation of electricity. This goes without saying that for solar power generation to become successful, there must be ample sunlight to generate enough heat energy. The amount of electricity generated also has something to do with the efficiency of the solar panels or cells used. However, the nature of solar cells allow for very low maintenance requirements and no moving parts. In fact, it is believed that an efficient solar power system can last over 40 years with minimal maintenance necessary.\r\n\r\nHow is solar power generation useful for our day-to-day life? Solar energy can make a big difference in as far as our energy needs are concerned. Solar energy can be converted to electricity which can power your electrical appliances at home. This basically means that it is a cheaper, more efficient and much more environmental-friendly energy source than what we use today. Furthermore, solar power can be used to heat up your water, your pool, and even run your central heating system. A solar powered home can run 75% to 100% of your electricity requirements – which basically means that you wouldn’t pay for monthly electric use!\r\n\r\nBut how is solar energy generation possible during times when there is no sunlight shining? Good question. Now, there are advanced systems that allow collection as well as storage of solar energy for later use. This means that with features like solar rechargeable batteries, you can run on solar power even during the night.\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThere are many advantages to using solar power, which include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Pollution free.</strong> No <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> once it''s set up. The power companies reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil which is a huge step towards reducing the dangerous effects of climate change.\r\n<strong>2. Free clean renewable energy.</strong> The sun keeps coming back every day (in many places). The solar energy landing on the earth in one day is enough to power the planet for a year!\r\n\r\n<strong>Solar Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nDespite the advantages of solar power, there are some disadvantages:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Cost.</strong> Expensive to install, though plants and panels are getting cheaper, and some grants are available in some places.\r\n<strong>2. Efficiency.</strong> Some panels and plants are inefficient, though better ideas and discoveries are constantly appearing.\r\n<strong>3. Reliability.</strong> They only work when the sun is shining, so independent households need to store electricity in batteries for night use. Power companies need to find ways of storing the electricity or have alternative ways of production (like hydro electricity).\r\n\r\nAs with other traditional energy sources, such as <a title="Natural Gas As An Energy Source" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/18/natural-gas-as-an-energy-source/">natural gas</a> and <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">coal</a>, solar power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on solar power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="Solar Power News" href="http://solar-panel-reviews.org/2010/11/suntech-to-supply-9-43mw-more-solar-panels-to-thailand/" target="_blank">Solar Power News</a>', 'Solar Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '179-revision-7', '', '', '2011-08-10 20:35:39', '2011-08-10 20:35:39', '', 179, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/10/179-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (198, 1, '2011-08-27 14:45:40', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', 'Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\n\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\n\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\n\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\n\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\n\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earths surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations, this is how it all works.\n\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\n\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\n\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy:</strong>\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\n\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as hydroelectric power, solar power, and wind power, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\n\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'draft', 'open', 'open', '', '', '', '', '2011-08-27 14:45:40', '2011-08-27 14:45:40', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=198', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (190, 2, '2011-08-22 06:00:10', '2011-08-22 06:00:10', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gas</a> emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\r\n\r\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\r\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\r\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\r\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\r\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\r\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\r\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\r\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\r\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\r\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\r\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\r\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\r\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100,000 people?\r\n\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric</a> and <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="The Modern Green" href=" http://themoderngreen.com/tag/wind-energy/" target="_blank">The Modern Green</a>', 'Wind Power', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'wind-power', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:19:14', '2011-08-19 15:19:14', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=190', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (191, 1, '2011-08-19 15:08:06', '2011-08-19 15:08:06', '', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'wind-power', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:08:06', '2011-08-19 15:08:06', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (192, 1, '2011-08-19 15:09:17', '2011-08-19 15:09:17', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\n\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\n\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\n\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\n\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\n\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\n\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100 000 people?\n\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as hydroelectric and solar power, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\n\nPhoto Credit: The Modern Green', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '190-revision', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:09:17', '2011-08-19 15:09:17', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/19/190-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (193, 1, '2011-08-19 15:11:10', '2011-08-19 15:11:10', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\r\n\r\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\r\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\r\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\r\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\r\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\r\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\r\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\r\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\r\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\r\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\r\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\r\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\r\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100 000 people?\r\n\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as hydroelectric and solar power, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: The Modern Green', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '190-revision-2', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:11:10', '2011-08-19 15:11:10', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/19/190-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (194, 1, '2011-08-19 15:12:00', '2011-08-19 15:12:00', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gas</a> emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\r\n\r\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\r\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\r\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\r\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\r\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\r\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\r\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\r\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\r\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\r\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\r\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\r\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\r\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100 000 people?\r\n\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as hydroelectric and solar power, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: The Modern Green', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '190-revision-3', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:12:00', '2011-08-19 15:12:00', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/19/190-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (195, 1, '2011-08-19 15:16:35', '2011-08-19 15:16:35', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gas</a> emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\r\n\r\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\r\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\r\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\r\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\r\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\r\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\r\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\r\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\r\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\r\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\r\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\r\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\r\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100,000 people?\r\n\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric</a> and <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: The Modern Green', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '190-revision-4', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:16:35', '2011-08-19 15:16:35', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/19/190-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (196, 1, '2011-08-19 15:18:03', '2011-08-19 15:18:03', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gas</a> emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\r\n\r\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\r\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\r\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\r\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\r\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\r\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\r\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\r\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\r\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\r\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\r\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\r\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\r\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100,000 people?\r\n\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric</a> and <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nPhoto Credit: <a title="The Modern Green" href=" http://themoderngreen.com/tag/wind-energy/" target="_blank">The Modern Green</a>', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '190-revision-5', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:18:03', '2011-08-19 15:18:03', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/19/190-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (197, 1, '2011-08-19 15:18:29', '2011-08-19 15:18:29', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" title="Wind Power" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Wind-Power.png" alt="Wind Power" width="300" height="233" /></a>Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gas</a> emissions during operation. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed because of their visual impact, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally less problematic than those of any other power source. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur.\r\n\r\nPower management techniques such as exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can mitigate these problems. Small wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Conversion of Wind Into Electricity</strong>\r\nWind power is converted into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, alternating current (AC) electricity is produced. It is then converted into direct current (DC) electricity which can be used to charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding power into the electricity grid.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Advantages</strong>\r\nThe following are advantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently.\r\n2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.\r\n3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.\r\n4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape.\r\n5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.\r\n6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world.\r\n7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today.\r\n\r\n<strong>Wind Power Disadvantages</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using wind power:\r\n\r\n1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they produce no electricity at all.\r\n2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched, without these large structures being built. The landscape should be left in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.\r\n3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car traveling at 70 mph.\r\n4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and are generally ugly.\r\n5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.\r\n6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100,000 people?\r\n\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric</a> and <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, wind power is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on wind power as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="The Modern Green" href=" http://themoderngreen.com/tag/wind-energy/" target="_blank">The Modern Green</a>', 'Wind Power', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '190-revision-6', '', '', '2011-08-19 15:18:29', '2011-08-19 15:18:29', '', 190, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/19/190-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (199, 1, '2011-08-27 14:47:49', '2011-08-27 14:47:49', '', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'geothermal-energy', '', '', '2011-08-27 14:47:49', '2011-08-27 14:47:49', '', 198, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (200, 2, '2011-08-29 06:00:24', '2011-08-29 06:00:24', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used, the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, and training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to be set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to the consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'geothermal-energy', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:32:52', '2011-08-27 15:32:52', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=200', 0, 'post', '', 1);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (201, 1, '2011-08-27 14:58:40', '2011-08-27 14:58:40', '', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'geothermal-energy-2', '', '', '2011-08-27 14:58:40', '2011-08-27 14:58:40', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (202, 1, '2011-08-27 14:56:51', '2011-08-27 14:56:51', '', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision', '', '', '2011-08-27 14:56:51', '2011-08-27 14:56:51', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (203, 1, '2011-08-27 15:05:51', '2011-08-27 15:05:51', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\n\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\n\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/" target="_blank">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\n\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\n\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\n\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earths surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations, this is how it all works.\n\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\n\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\n\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\n\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\n\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-2', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:05:51', '2011-08-27 15:05:51', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (206, 1, '2011-08-27 15:08:19', '2011-08-27 15:08:19', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earths surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations, this is how it all works.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-5', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:08:19', '2011-08-27 15:08:19', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (204, 1, '2011-08-27 15:06:32', '2011-08-27 15:06:32', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/" target="_blank">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earths surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations, this is how it all works.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-3', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:06:32', '2011-08-27 15:06:32', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (205, 1, '2011-08-27 15:06:39', '2011-08-27 15:06:39', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/" target="_blank">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earths surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations, this is how it all works.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-4', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:06:39', '2011-08-27 15:06:39', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (207, 1, '2011-08-27 15:10:09', '2011-08-27 15:10:09', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations, this is how it all works.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-6', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:10:09', '2011-08-27 15:10:09', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (208, 1, '2011-08-27 15:11:48', '2011-08-27 15:11:48', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-7', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:11:48', '2011-08-27 15:11:48', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (209, 1, '2011-08-27 15:13:23', '2011-08-27 15:13:23', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, Geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-8', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:13:23', '2011-08-27 15:13:23', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (210, 1, '2011-08-27 15:14:29', '2011-08-27 15:14:29', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-9', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:14:29', '2011-08-27 15:14:29', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-9/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (211, 1, '2011-08-27 15:28:27', '2011-08-27 15:28:27', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used, the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, and training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-10', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:28:27', '2011-08-27 15:28:27', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-10/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (212, 1, '2011-08-27 15:30:06', '2011-08-27 15:30:06', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used, the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, and training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to be set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to the consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-11', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:30:06', '2011-08-27 15:30:06', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-11/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (213, 1, '2011-08-27 15:31:43', '2011-08-27 15:31:43', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used, the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, and training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to be set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to the consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-12', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:31:43', '2011-08-27 15:31:43', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-12/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (214, 1, '2011-08-27 15:32:43', '2011-08-27 15:32:43', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-201" title="Geothermal Energy" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Geothermal-Energy1.png" alt="Geothermal Energy" width="300" height="225" /></a>Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth''s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity. The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.\r\n\r\nFrom hot springs, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for electricity generation. Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts (MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.\r\n\r\nGeothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.\r\n\r\nThe Earth''s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity''s energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.\r\n\r\nThe adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Geothermal Energy Works</strong>\r\nThe process of harnessing energy from geothermal activity is fairly simple, yet this depends on how you wish to make the geothermal energy work for you. The two main types of geothermal power come from the center of the earth, and the sun. You probably know that the sun heats the first few feet of the ground we walk on to a significant degree, and then this heat is lost during the night. In the U.K, a few meters beneath the earth''s surface, the temperature hovers around 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During the winter months this temperature is much greater than the average temperature of the air above the surface. To extract this heat, we are able to run hundreds of meters of piping (in loops - to save space) under the ground. These pipes are then filled with water, and a pump pushes cold water through the pipes to the exit area. The water is collected in a boiler where it can be directly channeled to mechanisms such as underfloor heating, or it can be heated to a higher temperature by the boiler and used for the buildings hot water supply. The heating of the water is more environmentally friendly than heating colder water, as you are closer to the stop temperature from the start. It is said that for every unit of electricity you put into geothermal energy systems, 3 to 4 units are received. Geothermal energy processes are able to work in many different ways, which allows you to harness different amounts of energy for different locations.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nGeothermal energy provides several advantages to include the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Significant Cost Savings:</strong> Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.\r\n<strong>2. Reduced Fossil Fuel Reliance:</strong> Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the skyrocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy.\r\n<strong>3. Environmental Benefits:</strong> Being a renewable source of energy, geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution. Moreover, geothermal systems do not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the earth which are not very harmful to the environment.\r\n<strong>4. Direct Use:</strong> Since ancient times, people having been using this source of energy for bathing, heating homes, preparing food and today geothermal energy is also used for direct heating of homes and offices.\r\n<strong>5. Job Creation and Economic Benefits:</strong> The use of geothermal energy has created many jobs for local people and increased local economies.\r\n\r\n<strong>Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy</strong>\r\nThe following are disadvantages to using geothermal energy:\r\n\r\n<strong>1. Not Readily Available:</strong> Since this type of energy is not widely used, the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure, and training pose hindrances to the installation of geothermal plants across the globe.\r\n<strong>2. High Installation Costs:</strong> To access geothermal energy, the installation of power plants is required to access steam from deep within the earth. The construction of these plants requires a huge one time investment and requires the hiring of a certified installer. Furthermore, skilled staff must be recruited and relocated to the plant location. Moreover, electricity towers and stations need to be set up to move the power from the geothermal plant to the consumer.\r\n<strong>3. Limited Resource:</strong> Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to a drop in temperature or if too much water is injected to cool the rocks. This may result in a huge loss for companies that have invested heavily in these plants.\r\n<strong>4. Suited To Particular Region:</strong> Geothermal energy is only suitable for regions where temperature below the earth are quite low and can produce steam over a long period of time. To determine the appropriate region, great research is required which is done by the companies before setting up the plant.\r\n<strong>5. May Release Harmful Gases:</strong> Geothermal sites may contain some poisonous gases and they can escape deep within the earth, through the holes drilled by the constructors.\r\nAs with other alternative energy sources, such as <a title="Hydroelectric Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/01/hydroelectric-power/">hydroelectric power,</a> <a title="Solar Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/15/solar-energy/">solar power</a>, and <a title="Wind Power" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/22/wind-power/">wind power</a>, geothermal energy is not an ideal solution for an energy source. Rather than rely on geothermal energy as an energy source, we must seek out less costly, more efficient, and more reliable alternative energy.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Recharge" href="http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/geothermal/article194879.ece" target="_blank">Recharge</a>', 'Geothermal Energy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '200-revision-13', '', '', '2011-08-27 15:32:43', '2011-08-27 15:32:43', '', 200, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/08/27/200-revision-13/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (226, 1, '2011-09-12 15:10:20', '2011-09-12 15:10:20', '', 'Carbon Monoxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'carbon-monoxide', '', '', '2011-09-12 15:10:20', '2011-09-12 15:10:20', '', 225, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (225, 2, '2011-09-12 15:33:52', '2011-09-12 15:33:52', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-226" title="Carbon Monoxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png" alt="Carbon Monoxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide. Coal gas, which was widely used before the 1960s for domestic lighting, cooking and heating, had carbon monoxide as a significant constituent. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct.\r\n\r\nWorldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere which generate about 5 x 1012 kilograms per year. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and other forms of combustion.\r\n\r\nIn biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993, as well as one of three gases that naturally modulate inflammatory responses in the body (the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a biological regulator. In many tissues, all three gases are known to act as anti-inflammatories,  vasodilators, and promoters of neovascular growth. Clinical trials of small amounts of carbon monoxide as a drug are ongoing.\r\n\r\n<strong>Sources Of Emission</strong>\r\nThe sources of emission consist of the following listed below:\r\n\r\n1. Industrial plant exhaust to air\r\n2. Volcanoes\r\n3. Marsh gases\r\n4. Natural gases in coal mines\r\n5. Forest fires\r\n6. Lightning\r\n7. Vehicle exhaust\r\n8. Tobacco (smoke)\r\n9. Internal combustion engines\r\n10. Heaters (non-electric)\r\n11. Charcoal grills\r\n12. Woodstoves, etc.\r\n\r\nCarbon Monoxide Exposure\r\nMost exposure is in the home, by smoking, using unflued gas heaters, malfunctioning equipment (gas water heaters, fuel fired heaters, fireplaces and wood stoves, gas stoves, gas dryers) and using charcoal grills. Exposure may also occur in poorly vented automobiles with defective exhaust systems. Workers in industries that use or produce carbon monoxide are also at risk of exposure.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air. Caron monoxide is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream from the lungs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nCarbon monoxide increases the amount of other <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> (methane), and eventually oxidizes into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of carbon monoxide will cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bush fires. At high levels, carbon monoxide will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage to the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.\r\n\r\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Health Effects</strong>\r\nCarbon monoxide quickly enters the blood when inhaled into the lungs. Levels normally present in the atmosphere are unlikely to cause ill effects. Carbon monoxide concentration may reach harmful levels in poorly ventilated rooms during operation of unflued gas heaters or defective non-electric heating appliances, or in the passenger compartment of vehicles with defective exhaust systems. At low levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At higher levels (200 ppm for 2–3 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels (400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of 1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant women to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring. Carbon monoxide is classified by the National Occupational Health And Safety Commission (NOHSC) as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from this hazard  produced by carbon monoxide the world needs to look for alternative energy solutions.', 'Carbon Monoxide', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'carbon-monoxide', '', '', '2011-09-12 15:33:52', '2011-09-12 15:33:52', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=225', 0, 'post', '', 1);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (217, 2, '2011-09-05 06:00:42', '2011-09-05 06:00:42', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\r\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\r\n\r\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\r\n\r\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\r\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machine has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\r\n\r\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\r\n\r\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\r\nCoal has the following uses:\r\n\r\n1. Cooking\r\n2. Heating buildings\r\n3. Electricity generation\r\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\r\n5. Natural gas supplement\r\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\r\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\r\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and taken to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. Next, the steam travels through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\r\n\r\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank">Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'coal-mining', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:50:41', '2011-09-04 20:50:41', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=217', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (218, 1, '2011-09-04 20:40:12', '2011-09-04 20:40:12', '', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'coal-mining', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:40:12', '2011-09-04 20:40:12', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (219, 1, '2011-09-04 20:40:31', '2011-09-04 20:40:31', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\n\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\n\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\n\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machines has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\n\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\n\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\nCoal has the following uses:\n\n1. Cooking\n2. Heating buildings\n3. Electricity generation\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\n5. Natural gas supplement\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\n\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and takes to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. After, the steam travel s through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\n\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\n\nImage Credit:<a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank"> Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '217-revision', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:40:31', '2011-09-04 20:40:31', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/04/217-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (220, 1, '2011-09-04 20:42:05', '2011-09-04 20:42:05', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\r\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\r\n\r\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\r\n\r\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\r\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machines has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\r\n\r\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\r\n\r\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\r\nCoal has the following uses:\r\n\r\n1. Cooking\r\n2. Heating buildings\r\n3. Electricity generation\r\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\r\n5. Natural gas supplement\r\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\r\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\r\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and takes to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. After, the steam travel s through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\r\n\r\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank"> Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '217-revision-2', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:42:05', '2011-09-04 20:42:05', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/04/217-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (221, 1, '2011-09-04 20:42:13', '2011-09-04 20:42:13', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\r\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\r\n\r\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\r\n\r\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\r\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machines has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\r\n\r\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\r\n\r\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\r\nCoal has the following uses:\r\n\r\n1. Cooking\r\n2. Heating buildings\r\n3. Electricity generation\r\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\r\n5. Natural gas supplement\r\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\r\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\r\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and takes to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. After, the steam travel s through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\r\n\r\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank"> Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '217-revision-3', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:42:13', '2011-09-04 20:42:13', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/04/217-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (222, 1, '2011-09-04 20:45:50', '2011-09-04 20:45:50', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\r\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\r\n\r\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\r\n\r\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\r\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machine has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\r\n\r\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\r\n\r\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\r\nCoal has the following uses:\r\n\r\n1. Cooking\r\n2. Heating buildings\r\n3. Electricity generation\r\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\r\n5. Natural gas supplement\r\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\r\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\r\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and takes to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. After, the steam travel s through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\r\n\r\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank"> Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '217-revision-4', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:45:50', '2011-09-04 20:45:50', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/04/217-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (223, 1, '2011-09-04 20:48:08', '2011-09-04 20:48:08', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\r\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\r\n\r\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\r\n\r\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\r\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machine has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\r\n\r\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\r\n\r\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\r\nCoal has the following uses:\r\n\r\n1. Cooking\r\n2. Heating buildings\r\n3. Electricity generation\r\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\r\n5. Natural gas supplement\r\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\r\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\r\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and taken to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. After, the steam travel s through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\r\n\r\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank"> Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '217-revision-5', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:48:08', '2011-09-04 20:48:08', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/04/217-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (224, 1, '2011-09-04 20:49:14', '2011-09-04 20:49:14', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-218" title="Coal Mining" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Coal-Mining.png" alt="Coal Mining" width="338" height="225" /></a>Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Coal Is Produced</strong>\r\nCoal found close to the surface can be uncovered and removed by large machines in a process that is called surface mining. The development and use of large power equipment provided the impetus that moved surface mining into prominence, and during the 1970s it became the leading method of coal mining. Today''s surface mines are large, intensively engineered, and highly efficient mechanized operations. When an area is to be mined, topsoil and subsoil are removed first and set aside to be used later in reclaiming the land. Then specially designed machines-draglines, wheel excavators, or large shovels remove the rock and other material, call overburden, to expose the bed of coal. Smaller shovels load the coal into large trucks that remove the coal from the pit. Once the coal is removed, the area is reclaimed. First the overburden and then the soils are replaced and the area is restored as nearly as possible to its original contour. Vegetation currently suitable to the area is planted to anchor the soil and return the land to a natural, productive state. Reclaimed lands are a valuable resource that can support farm crops, provide new wildlife habitats, enhance recreational opportunities, and even serve as sites for commercial development.\r\n\r\nThe complete mining operation is scheduled so that as one area is being mined, another is being reclaimed where the coal was removed. Thus, even at the largest surface mines only a relatively small area is disturbed by active mining at any one time. Underground mining methods are used where the coal seam is too deep or the land too hilly for surface mining. Most underground mining takes place east of the Mississippi, especially in the Appalachian mountain states. Coal production was once dominated by underground mining methods, but the growth of coal mining in the West changed that. Now, only 40 percent of our coal comes from underground mines. Underground mines differ according to how the coal seam is situated with respect to the surface. If the coal deposit outcrops (appears at the surface) on a hillside, a drift mine can be driven horizontally into the seam. Where the bed of coal is relatively close to the surface, yet too deep to be recovered by surface mining, a slope mine can be constructed, with the mine shaft slanting down from the surface to the coal seam. The most common type is the shaft mine. To reach the coal, which may be as deep as 2,000 feet, vertical shafts are cut through the overburden to the coal bed, which is excavated by machines.\r\n\r\nIn deep mines, the seam is mined in carefully engineered patterns that keep as much as half of the coal in place to help support the roof of the active mining area. This "room and pillar" method requires that large columns of coal remain between mined-out areas, or rooms, which are created when the coal is mined, either by continuous mining machines or conventional methods.\r\nThe largest amount of coal taken from underground mines is produced using continuous miners. This machine has a large, rotating, drum-shaped cutting head studded with carbide-tipped teeth that break up the seam of coal. Large gathering arms on the machines scoop the coal directly onto a built-in conveyor for loading into waiting shuttle cars.\r\n\r\nIn conventional mining, a machine resembling an oversized chainsaw cuts into the coal. This gives the coal an area to expand into during blasting. Holes are drilled for explosives, which blast loose large chunks of coal. Machines called loaders scoop the coal onto conveyors which dump it into shuttle cars that haul the coal out through the shaft. This traditional method of mining accounts for about 11 percent of total production.\r\n\r\n<strong>What Is Coal Used For?</strong>\r\nCoal has the following uses:\r\n\r\n1. Cooking\r\n2. Heating buildings\r\n3. Electricity generation\r\n4. Heat source for the production of bricks and cement\r\n5. Natural gas supplement\r\n6. The manufacturing of paper, chemicals, steel, metal products, plastics, ceramics, fertilizers, and coal tar\r\n7. Coke production for use in the steel industry\r\n\r\n<strong>How Is Electricity Generated From Coal?</strong>\r\nCoal is a fuel that is found in the ground. It is made of the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. Soil piled up on top of the remains and that weight compacted it into a more dense material, called coal. The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants. When the coal is burned, it gives up that energy as heat. The coal''s heat energy can then be turned into electrical energy. This happens at a power plant. First the coal is mined and taken to a power plant. Then the coal is burned in a boil which causes the water in the boil pipes to become steam. Next, the steam travels through the pipe to the turbine and the steam spins the turbine blade, the spinning blades turn a shaft connected to the generator.\r\n\r\nFor an overview of the advantages and disadvantage of coal as an energy source, refer to our previous article, <a title="Coal Energy" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/07/25/coal-energy/">Coal Energy</a>.\r\n\r\nImage Credit:<a title="Citizendium" href=" http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/coal_mining" target="_blank"> Citizendium</a>', 'Coal Mining', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '217-revision-6', '', '', '2011-09-04 20:49:14', '2011-09-04 20:49:14', '', 217, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/04/217-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (227, 1, '2011-09-12 15:11:11', '2011-09-12 15:11:11', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-226" title="Carbon Monoxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png" alt="Carbon Monoxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions.\n\nCarbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.\n\nCarbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide. Coal gas, which was widely used before the 1960s for domestic lighting, cooking and heating, had carbon monoxide as a significant constituent. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct.\n\nWorldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere which generate about 5 x 1012 kilograms per year. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and other forms of combustion.\n\nIn biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993, as well as one of three gases that naturally modulate inflammatory responses in the body (the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a biological regulator. In many tissues, all three gases are known to act as anti-inflammatories,  vasodilators, and promoters of neovascular growth. Clinical trials of small amounts of carbon monoxide as a drug are ongoing.\n\n\n<strong>Sources Of Emission</strong>\nThe sources of emission consist of the following listed below:\n\n1. Industrial plant exhaust to air\n2. Volcanoes\n3. Marsh gases\n4. Natural gases in coal mines\n5. Forest fires\n6. Lightning\n7. Vehicle exhaust\n8. Tobacco (smoke)\n9. Internal combustion engines\n10. Heaters (non-electric)\n11. Charcoal grills\n12. Woodstoves, etc.\n\nCarbon Monoxide Exposure\nMost exposure is in the home, by smoking, using unflued gas heaters, malfunctioning equipment (gas water heaters, fuel fired heaters, fireplaces and wood stoves, gas stoves, gas dryers) and using charcoal grills. Exposure may also occur in poorly vented automobiles with defective exhaust systems. Workers in industries that use or produce carbon monoxide are also at risk of exposure.\n\nCarbon monoxide will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air. Caron monoxide is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream from the lungs.\n\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Environmental Effects</strong>\nCarbon monoxide increases the amount of other greenhouse gases (methane), and eventually oxidizes into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of carbon monoxide will cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bush fires. At high levels, carbon monoxide will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage to the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.\n\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Health Effects</strong>\nCarbon monoxide quickly enters the blood when inhaled into the lungs. Levels normally present in the atmosphere are unlikely to cause ill effects. Carbon monoxide concentration may reach harmful levels in poorly ventilated rooms during operation of unflued gas heaters or defective non-electric heating appliances, or in the passenger compartment of vehicles with defective exhaust systems. At low levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At higher levels (200 ppm for 2–3 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels (400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of 1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant women to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring. Carbon monoxide is classified by the National Occupational Health And Safety Commission (NOHSC) as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).\nIn conclusion, to be free from this hazard  produced by carbon monoxide the world needs to look for alternative energy solutions.', 'Carbon Monoxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '225-revision', '', '', '2011-09-12 15:11:11', '2011-09-12 15:11:11', '', 225, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/12/225-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (228, 1, '2011-09-12 15:12:20', '2011-09-12 15:12:20', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-226" title="Carbon Monoxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png" alt="Carbon Monoxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide. Coal gas, which was widely used before the 1960s for domestic lighting, cooking and heating, had carbon monoxide as a significant constituent. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct.\r\n\r\nWorldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere which generate about 5 x 1012 kilograms per year. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and other forms of combustion.\r\n\r\nIn biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993, as well as one of three gases that naturally modulate inflammatory responses in the body (the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a biological regulator. In many tissues, all three gases are known to act as anti-inflammatories,  vasodilators, and promoters of neovascular growth. Clinical trials of small amounts of carbon monoxide as a drug are ongoing.\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong>Sources Of Emission</strong>\r\nThe sources of emission consist of the following listed below:\r\n\r\n1. Industrial plant exhaust to air\r\n2. Volcanoes\r\n3. Marsh gases\r\n4. Natural gases in coal mines\r\n5. Forest fires\r\n6. Lightning\r\n7. Vehicle exhaust\r\n8. Tobacco (smoke)\r\n9. Internal combustion engines\r\n10. Heaters (non-electric)\r\n11. Charcoal grills\r\n12. Woodstoves, etc.\r\n\r\nCarbon Monoxide Exposure\r\nMost exposure is in the home, by smoking, using unflued gas heaters, malfunctioning equipment (gas water heaters, fuel fired heaters, fireplaces and wood stoves, gas stoves, gas dryers) and using charcoal grills. Exposure may also occur in poorly vented automobiles with defective exhaust systems. Workers in industries that use or produce carbon monoxide are also at risk of exposure.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air. Caron monoxide is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream from the lungs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nCarbon monoxide increases the amount of other <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> (methane), and eventually oxidizes into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of carbon monoxide will cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bush fires. At high levels, carbon monoxide will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage to the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.\r\n\r\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Health Effects</strong>\r\nCarbon monoxide quickly enters the blood when inhaled into the lungs. Levels normally present in the atmosphere are unlikely to cause ill effects. Carbon monoxide concentration may reach harmful levels in poorly ventilated rooms during operation of unflued gas heaters or defective non-electric heating appliances, or in the passenger compartment of vehicles with defective exhaust systems. At low levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At higher levels (200 ppm for 2–3 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels (400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of 1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant women to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring. Carbon monoxide is classified by the National Occupational Health And Safety Commission (NOHSC) as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from this hazard  produced by carbon monoxide the world needs to look for alternative energy solutions.', 'Carbon Monoxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '225-revision-2', '', '', '2011-09-12 15:12:20', '2011-09-12 15:12:20', '', 225, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/12/225-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (229, 1, '2011-09-12 15:13:11', '2011-09-12 15:13:11', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-226" title="Carbon Monoxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png" alt="Carbon Monoxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions.\n\nCarbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.\n\nCarbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide. Coal gas, which was widely used before the 1960s for domestic lighting, cooking and heating, had carbon monoxide as a significant constituent. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct.\n\nWorldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere which generate about 5 x 1012 kilograms per year. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and other forms of combustion.\n\nIn biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993, as well as one of three gases that naturally modulate inflammatory responses in the body (the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a biological regulator. In many tissues, all three gases are known to act as anti-inflammatories,  vasodilators, and promoters of neovascular growth. Clinical trials of small amounts of carbon monoxide as a drug are ongoing.\n\n\n<strong>Sources Of Emission</strong>\nThe sources of emission consist of the following listed below:\n\n1. Industrial plant exhaust to air\n2. Volcanoes\n3. Marsh gases\n4. Natural gases in coal mines\n5. Forest fires\n6. Lightning\n7. Vehicle exhaust\n8. Tobacco (smoke)\n9. Internal combustion engines\n10. Heaters (non-electric)\n11. Charcoal grills\n12. Woodstoves, etc.\n\nCarbon Monoxide Exposure\nMost exposure is in the home, by smoking, using unflued gas heaters, malfunctioning equipment (gas water heaters, fuel fired heaters, fireplaces and wood stoves, gas stoves, gas dryers) and using charcoal grills. Exposure may also occur in poorly vented automobiles with defective exhaust systems. Workers in industries that use or produce carbon monoxide are also at risk of exposure.\n\nCarbon monoxide will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air. Caron monoxide is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream from the lungs.\n\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Environmental Effects</strong>\nCarbon monoxide increases the amount of other <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> (methane), and eventually oxidizes into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of carbon monoxide will cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bush fires. At high levels, carbon monoxide will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage to the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.\n\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Health Effects</strong>\nCarbon monoxide quickly enters the blood when inhaled into the lungs. Levels normally present in the atmosphere are unlikely to cause ill effects. Carbon monoxide concentration may reach harmful levels in poorly ventilated rooms during operation of unflued gas heaters or defective non-electric heating appliances, or in the passenger compartment of vehicles with defective exhaust systems. At low levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At higher levels (200 ppm for 2–3 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels (400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of 1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant women to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring. Carbon monoxide is classified by the National Occupational Health And Safety Commission (NOHSC) as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).\n\nIn conclusion, to be free from this hazard  produced by carbon monoxide the world needs to look for alternative energy solutions.', 'Carbon Monoxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '225-revision-3', '', '', '2011-09-12 15:13:11', '2011-09-12 15:13:11', '', 225, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/12/225-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (230, 1, '2011-09-12 15:15:38', '2011-09-12 15:15:38', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-226" title="Carbon Monoxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Carbon-Monoxide.png" alt="Carbon Monoxide" width="300" height="225" /></a>Carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide. Coal gas, which was widely used before the 1960s for domestic lighting, cooking and heating, had carbon monoxide as a significant constituent. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct.\r\n\r\nWorldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere which generate about 5 x 1012 kilograms per year. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and other forms of combustion.\r\n\r\nIn biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993, as well as one of three gases that naturally modulate inflammatory responses in the body (the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a biological regulator. In many tissues, all three gases are known to act as anti-inflammatories,  vasodilators, and promoters of neovascular growth. Clinical trials of small amounts of carbon monoxide as a drug are ongoing.\r\n\r\n<strong>Sources Of Emission</strong>\r\nThe sources of emission consist of the following listed below:\r\n\r\n1. Industrial plant exhaust to air\r\n2. Volcanoes\r\n3. Marsh gases\r\n4. Natural gases in coal mines\r\n5. Forest fires\r\n6. Lightning\r\n7. Vehicle exhaust\r\n8. Tobacco (smoke)\r\n9. Internal combustion engines\r\n10. Heaters (non-electric)\r\n11. Charcoal grills\r\n12. Woodstoves, etc.\r\n\r\nCarbon Monoxide Exposure\r\nMost exposure is in the home, by smoking, using unflued gas heaters, malfunctioning equipment (gas water heaters, fuel fired heaters, fireplaces and wood stoves, gas stoves, gas dryers) and using charcoal grills. Exposure may also occur in poorly vented automobiles with defective exhaust systems. Workers in industries that use or produce carbon monoxide are also at risk of exposure.\r\n\r\nCarbon monoxide will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air. Caron monoxide is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream from the lungs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nCarbon monoxide increases the amount of other <a title="The Greenhouse Effect" href="http://perpetualminds.com/2011/06/20/the-greenhouse-effect/">greenhouse gases</a> (methane), and eventually oxidizes into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of carbon monoxide will cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bush fires. At high levels, carbon monoxide will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage to the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.\r\n\r\n<strong>Carbon Monoxide Health Effects</strong>\r\nCarbon monoxide quickly enters the blood when inhaled into the lungs. Levels normally present in the atmosphere are unlikely to cause ill effects. Carbon monoxide concentration may reach harmful levels in poorly ventilated rooms during operation of unflued gas heaters or defective non-electric heating appliances, or in the passenger compartment of vehicles with defective exhaust systems. At low levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At higher levels (200 ppm for 2–3 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels (400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of 1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant women to carbon monoxide may cause low birth weight, increased fetal mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring. Carbon monoxide is classified by the National Occupational Health And Safety Commission (NOHSC) as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from this hazard  produced by carbon monoxide the world needs to look for alternative energy solutions.', 'Carbon Monoxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '225-revision-4', '', '', '2011-09-12 15:15:38', '2011-09-12 15:15:38', '', 225, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/12/225-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (232, 2, '2011-09-19 06:00:10', '2011-09-19 06:00:10', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes³.\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a> - Wikipedia\r\n2. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'publish', 'open', 'open', '', 'sulfur-dioxide', '', '', '2011-09-19 13:46:00', '2011-09-19 13:46:00', '', 0, 'http://perpetualminds.com/?p=232', 0, 'post', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (233, 1, '2011-09-18 16:50:55', '2011-09-18 16:50:55', '', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'sulfur-dioxide', '', '', '2011-09-18 16:50:55', '2011-09-18 16:50:55', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (234, 1, '2011-09-18 16:51:13', '2011-09-18 16:51:13', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is released by volcanos and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels1.\n\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\n\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\n\n<strong>Use</strong>\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\n\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\n\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\n\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\n\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\n\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\n\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision', '', '', '2011-09-18 16:51:13', '2011-09-18 16:51:13', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (243, 1, '2011-09-18 17:15:31', '2011-09-18 17:15:31', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes³.\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-10', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:15:31', '2011-09-18 17:15:31', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-10/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (235, 1, '2011-09-18 16:53:41', '2011-09-18 16:53:41', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is released by volcanos and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels1.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-2', '', '', '2011-09-18 16:53:41', '2011-09-18 16:53:41', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-2/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (236, 1, '2011-09-18 17:00:48', '2011-09-18 17:00:48', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is released by volcanos and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels1.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-3', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:00:48', '2011-09-18 17:00:48', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-3/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (237, 1, '2011-09-18 17:06:15', '2011-09-18 17:06:15', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels1.\n\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\n\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\n\n<strong>Use</strong>\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\n\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\n\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\n\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\n\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\n\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\n\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-4', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:06:15', '2011-09-18 17:06:15', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-4/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (238, 1, '2011-09-18 17:06:25', '2011-09-18 17:06:25', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels1.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-5', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:06:25', '2011-09-18 17:06:25', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-5/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (241, 1, '2011-09-18 17:12:05', '2011-09-18 17:12:05', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-8', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:12:05', '2011-09-18 17:12:05', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-8/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (239, 1, '2011-09-18 17:09:50', '2011-09-18 17:09:50', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂2. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2, forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels1.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-6', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:09:50', '2011-09-18 17:09:50', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-6/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (240, 1, '2011-09-18 17:11:31', '2011-09-18 17:11:31', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produce using the following methods2:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-7', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:11:31', '2011-09-18 17:11:31', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-7/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (242, 1, '2011-09-18 17:13:01', '2011-09-18 17:13:01', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes3. (Source Osei Yaw Ababio)\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-9', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:13:01', '2011-09-18 17:13:01', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-9/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (246, 1, '2011-09-18 17:20:21', '2011-09-18 17:20:21', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes³.\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a> - Wikipedia\r\n2. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-13', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:20:21', '2011-09-18 17:20:21', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-13/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (244, 1, '2011-09-18 17:16:25', '2011-09-18 17:16:25', '<a href="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-233" title="Sulfur Dioxide" src="http://perpetualminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sulfur-Dioxide.png" alt="Sulfur Dioxide" width="388" height="192" /></a>Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels¹.\r\n\r\n<strong>Method Of Production </strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide can be produced using the following methods²:\r\n\r\n1. Sulfur dioxide has been produced by burning molten sulfur in a special burner with a controlled amount of air. The burner gas, free of dust and cooled, is dissolved in water in a series of two towers. In a third tower, the solution is sprayed at the top and flows down while steam is injected at the base. The gas issuing from the third tower is then cooled to remove most moisture and passed up a fourth tower against a countercurrent of sulfuric acid. The dried gas is liquefied by compression.\r\n2. Sulfur dioxide has been produced commercially from the following raw materials: elemental sulfur; pyrites; sulfide ores of non-ferrous metals; waste sulfuric acid and sulfates; gypsum and anhydrite; hydrogen sulfide containing waste gases; and flue gases from the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels. It is most commonly produced by burning sulfur but can also be produced by burning pyrites in a special furnace or by purifying and compressing sulfur dioxide gas from smelting operations.\r\n3. Sulfur dioxide can also be produced commercially by liquefying gas obtained during smelting of non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, and nickel. Much of this smelter by-product is recovered and oxidized to sulfur trioxide for producing sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide recovery, however, usually occurs only for environmental reasons.\r\n\r\n<strong>Use</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide has numerous commercial uses which are based on its function as an acid, as a reducing or oxidizing agent, or as a catalyst. Sulfur dioxide is used in large quantities as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid and in the pulp and paper industry. Other common uses of sulfur dioxide include the following: fumigant, preservative, bleach, and steeping agent for grain in food processing; catalyst or extraction solvent in the petroleum industry; flotation depressant for sulfide ores in the mining industry; intermediate for bleach production; and reducing agent in several industrial processes³.\r\n\r\n<strong>Health Effects</strong>\r\nHigh concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) can result in breathing problems with asthmatic children and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposure has been linked to wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Other effects associated with longer-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, in conjunction with high levels of particulate soot, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs'' defenses and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.\r\n\r\n<strong>Environmental Effects</strong>\r\nSulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major precursors of acid rain, which has acidified soils, lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments, and reduced visibility. Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor of fine particulate soot, which poses a significant health threat.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, to be free from the hazards produced by carbon monoxide the world must look for alternative energy solutions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resources:</strong>\r\nThe following are resources for sulfur dioxide information:\r\n\r\n1. Wikipedia - <a title="Sulfur Dioxide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_Dioxide" target="_blank">Sulfur Dioxide</a>\r\n2.  New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n3. New School Chemistry by Osei Yaw Ababio\r\n\r\nImage Credit: <a title="Sulfur Dioxide 3-D Balls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur-dioxide-3D-balls.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>', 'Sulfur Dioxide', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '232-revision-11', '', '', '2011-09-18 17:16:25', '2011-09-18 17:16:25', '', 232, 'http://perpetualminds.com/2011/09/18/232-revision-11/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
